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Informatics for the Clinical Laboratory A Practical Guide for the Pathologist

:	D. F. Moore, Daniel F. Cowan
:	Daniel Cowan
:	Informatics for the Clinical Laboratory A Practical Guide for the Pathologist
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9780387226293
:	1
:	CHF 89,50
:

:	Allgemeines
:	English

:	324
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This series is directed to healthcare professionals who are leading the tra- formation of health care by using information and knowledge. Launched in 1988 as Computers in Health Care, the series offers a broad range of titles: some addressed to specific professions such as nursing, medicine, and health administration; others to special areas of practice such as trauma and radi- ogy. Still other books in the series focus on interdisciplinary issues, such as the computer-based patient record, electronic health records, and networked healthcare systems. Renamed Health Informatics in 1998 to reflect the rapid evolution in the discipline now known as health informatics, the series will continue to add titles that contribute to the evolution of the field. In the series, eminent - perts, serving as editors or authors, offer their accounts of innovations in health informatics. Increasingly, these accounts go beyond hardware and so- ware to address the role of information in influencing the transformation of healthcare delivery systems around the world. The series also increasingly focuses on 'peopleware' and the organizational, behavioral, and societal changes that accompany the diffusion of information technology in health services environments.

	Series Preface	5
	Preface	6
	Contents	8
	Contributors	10
	Laboratory Informatics and the Laboratory Information System	12
	Business of Pathology	14
	Information Product of the Laboratory	14
	Pathologist as Information Manager	15
	Information Management in the Laboratory Organization	16
	What Is Information?	17
	Information Technology in the Laboratory	18
	Evolving Role of the Computer	18
	Cost, Quality, and Efficiency Considerations	19
	Study of Information	20
	Laboratory Information Management	21
	Responsiveness to Needs	22
	Confidentiality, Security, and Integrity of Records	22
	Uniform Data Definitions and Data Capture Methods	23
	Defining, Capturing, Analyzing, Transforming, Transmitting, and Reporting of Patient- Specific Data and Information	24
	Laboratory Information System	24
	Database	25
	Electronic Data Processing	26
	Summary	28
	Chapter Glossary	29
	References	30
	Developing the Laboratory Information System	32
	Planning for Purchase of a Vendor- Supplied System	33
	Request for Proposal	34
	Questions to Be Asked in the RFP	36
	User Definability vs. Customization	38
	Functional Requirements of the System	38
	Structure of the Database	39
	Transaction Logging ( Event- Level Processing)	40
	Evolution of the Database	42
	Encoding	44
	Security and Confidentiality	44
	Site Visit	45
	Developing a Contract	45
	Problem Resolution	47
	Build or Buy?	49
	Application Service Providers ( ASP)	49
	Risks of Using an ASP	50
	Benefits of Using an ASP	50
	Types of ASP	51
	Summary	51
	Chapter Glossary	52
	References	53
	Validation of the Laboratory Information System	54
	General Validation Issues	55
	Validation for Quality Assurance and Improvement	55
	Vendor Validation Testing	57
	General Process of User Validation	58
	Identification and Description of the System to be Validated	58
	Specification of the Stage in the System Life Cycle	58
	Formalization of the Process for Prioritizing and Deciding	59
	Development of Hazard Analyses	59
	Identification of Regulatory Concerns	59
	Documentation	59
	Validation Plan	60
	Initial Validation Program	60
	Continuing Validation Plan	65
	Chapter Glossary	67
	References	68
	Security and Confidentiality on Laboratory Computer Systems	70
	Objectives of a Security System for Patient Records	70
	Security Interests	71
	Protecting Data and Information	71
	Sensitive Data	71
	Risks Associated with Computerization of Records	72
	Limits of Security	72
	Security in Systems and Networks	73
	Practical Security Measures	74
	General Security Responsibilities for the User	74
	Security and Control Guidelines	76
	Types of Security Deficiencies or “ Holes”	77
	Selecting Good Passwords	78
	Summary	79
	Laboratory Information System Security at UTMB	80
	Confidentiality: Patient Privacy	81
	Access to the Laboratory Record	82
	Medical Information on the Internet	84
	Legal Protection of Information on the Internet	84
	Security Considerations for the Internet	89
	E- Mail Communication of Health Information	90
	Computer Viruses	91
	WEB Crackers	94
	Chapter Glossary	95
	References	97
	Total Cost of Ownership	98
	Types of Costs	99
	Direct and Indirect Costs	99
	Selection	101
	Purchase and Installation	102
	Operation	103
	Ways to Manage TCO	104
	Standardize	104
	Maintain and Upgrade	105
	Plan Support Carefully	106
	Systematically Replace Manual Systems	106
	Maintain Openness	106
	Exercise Good Routine Business Practices	106
	Justifications Based on Value Added	107
	Chapter Glossary	108
	References	108
	Computer Basics	109
	Definitions and Descriptions	109
	Bits and Bytes	113
	Memory	114
	Codes	114
	Chips	115
	Hardware	117
	Operating Systems	122
	Microcomputer Operating Systems	123
	Adding Memory	124
	Cache	125
	Minicomputers and Mainframes	126
	Distributed vs. Central Processing	128
	Chapter Glossary	132
	References	135
	Computer Networks	136
	Physical Topology	138
	“ Logical Topology”—The Communications Protocol	144
	Network Manager	146
	The Internet	151
	Chapter Glossary	152
	References	154
	Interfaces	155
	Interface Protocols	157
	Health Level 7 ( HL7)	157