| Preface | 7 |
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| Contents | 9 |
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| Introduction | 13 |
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| 1.1 The Purpose of this Book | 13 |
| 1.2 Theory and Practice | 14 |
| 1.3 Conceptual Approach | 17 |
| 1.4 The Structure of this Book | 19 |
| References | 20 |
| Systems Concepts | 21 |
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| 2.1 System | 21 |
| 2.2 Subsystems and Aspectsystems | 25 |
| 2.3 State, Process and Behaviour | 29 |
| 2.4 Goal, Function and Task | 33 |
| 2.5 System and Environment | 37 |
| 2.6 Some Other Definitions | 39 |
| References | 40 |
| Case: The Flight Department | 41 |
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| 3.1 Case History | 41 |
| 3.2 Problem Description | 42 |
| 3.3 Problem Analysis | 43 |
| 3.4 Complications Due to Bad Weather | 50 |
| 3.5 Radar Complications | 56 |
| 3.6 Dispersion of Variables and the Required Number of Radar Test Cars | 60 |
| 3.7 Results in Practice | 67 |
| References | 69 |
| Models for the Structuring of Processes | 71 |
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| 4.1 Process Types | 71 |
| 4.2 Determination of Subsystems | 72 |
| 4.3 System Control | 74 |
| 4.4 Supporting Processes | 87 |
| 4.5 The Steady-state Model: Combining the Models into One Model | 89 |
| 4.6 Testing a Works Process Planning Department Against Reality | 93 |
| 4.7 Nurses Effect | 94 |
| 4.8 Case: The Health Insurance Company | 98 |
| 4.9 Some Applications in Practice | 102 |
| References | 104 |
| Conceptual Model for the Analysis of Industrial Systems | 107 |
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| 5.1 Introduction | 107 |
| 5.2 Other Conceptual Models | 108 |
| 5.3 Common Characteristics of the Conceptual Models | 110 |
| 5.4 The “PROPER” Model of Industrial Systems | 113 |
| 5.5 The “PROPER” Model and Logistic Practice | 115 |
| References | 118 |
| Behaviour of a Function: The Process | 119 |
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| 6.1 Introduction | 119 |
| 6.2 Behaviour | 120 |
| 6.3 The State and Input of an Industrial Function | 121 |
| 6.4 The Behaviour of an Industrial System | 123 |
| 6.5 Basic Concepts of Process Descriptions | 131 |
| 6.6 Case: Simulation of the Flight Department | 143 |
| 6.7 Conclusions | 145 |
| References | 146 |
| The Case of the Ship Engine Factory | 147 |
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| 7.1 The Models as a Diagnostic Aid | 147 |
| 7.2 Description of the Existing Situation | 148 |
| 7.3 Solution: Analysis Based Upon the PROPER Model | 151 |
| 7.4 Solution: Analysis Based Upon the Steady-state Model | 153 |
| Policy and Performance | 159 |
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| 8.1 What is Policy? | 159 |
| 8.2 Does an Industrial System Need Policy? | 163 |
| 8.3 Considerations When Choosing the Ways and Means | 165 |
| 8.4 The Concepts of Productivity, Efficiency and Performance | 169 |
| 8.5 Application of the Concepts | 175 |
| References | 180 |
| Model for the Innovation Process | 181 |
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| 9.1 Setting Up the Model for the Innovation Process | 181 |
| 9.2 The Nature of the Model for Innovation Processes | 188 |
| 9.3 Policy Evaluation | 189 |
| References | 191 |
| The Design Process with the Conceptual Models | 193 |
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| 10.1 Introduction | 193 |
| 10.2 The Design Process | 194 |
| 10.3 Function Design | 197 |
| 10.4 Process Design | 201 |
| 10.5 Simulation as a Supporting Tool for the Design of Industrial Systems | 207 |
| References | 207 |
| Case: The Automated Container Terminal | 209 |
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| 11.1 Introduction | 209 |
| 11.2 The Project Program | 210 |
| 11.3 Functional Requirements | 213 |
| 11.4 Application of the PROPER Model | 215 |
| 11.5 Behaviour Descriptions for Productivity Definitions | 223 |
| 11.6 Conclusions | 231 |
| References | 232 |
| Index | 233 |