| Preface | 6 |
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| Contents | 9 |
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| PART 1 Semantic, Visual, and Technological Facets of the Second-Generation Web | 15 |
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| Chapter 1 The Concept and Architecture of the Semantic Web | 17 |
| 1.1 From HTML to XML and the Semantic Web | 17 |
| 1.2 The XML Family of Technologies | 23 |
| 1.3 The Architecture of the Semantic Web | 27 |
| 1.4 References | 31 |
| Chapter 2 Information Visualization and the Semantic Web | 33 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 33 |
| 2.2 The Semantic Web | 33 |
| 2.2.1 Visualization Issues | 34 |
| 2.2.2 Semantic Annotation | 35 |
| 2.3 Information Visualization | 41 |
| 2.3.1 Tracking Knowledge and Technology Trends | 42 |
| 2.3.2 Citation Analysis | 42 |
| 2.3.3 Patent Citation Analysis | 43 |
| 2.4 A Harmonious Relationship? | 44 |
| 2.4.1 Beyond Information Retrieval | 44 |
| 2.4.2 Yin and Yang | 47 |
| 2.4.3 An Illustrative Example | 48 |
| 2.5 Conclusion | 56 |
| 2.6 References | 56 |
| Chapter 3 Ontology-Based Information Visualization: Toward Semantic Web Applications | 59 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 59 |
| 3.2 Cluster Map Basics | 60 |
| 3.3 Applications | 62 |
| 3.3.1 The DOPE Browser | 62 |
| 3.3.2 Xarop/SWAP: Peer-to-Peer Knowledge Management | 64 |
| 3.3.3 Aduna AutoFocus | 66 |
| 3.4 Uses of Ontology-Based Visualization | 68 |
| 3.4.1 Data Analysis | 68 |
| 3.4.2 Querying | 68 |
| 3.4.3 Exploration | 70 |
| 3.5 Future Work | 71 |
| 3.6 Summary | 71 |
| 3.7 References | 72 |
| Chapter 4 Topic Maps, RDF Graphs, and Ontologies Visualization | 73 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 73 |
| 4.2 Topic Maps, RDF, and Ontologies Basic Concepts | 74 |
| 4.2.1 Topic Maps | 74 |
| 4.2.2 RDF | 75 |
| 4.2.3 Ontologies | 77 |
| 4.3 Semantic Graphs Visualization | 77 |
| 4.3.1 Visualization Goals | 78 |
| 4.3.2 Visualization Techniques | 79 |
| 4.4 Conclusion and Perspectives | 91 |
| 4.5 References | 92 |
| Chapter 5 Web Services: Description, Interfaces, and Ontology | 94 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 94 |
| 5.2 Semantic Web and Web Services: A Comparison | 94 |
| 5.3 Web Services Definition and Description Layers | 95 |
| 5.3.1 Standardization Efforts | 96 |
| 5.3.2 The Significance of SOAP | 96 |
| 5.4 SOAP in Greater Detail | 96 |
| 5.4.1 SOAP Message | 96 |
| 5.4.2 The Structure of a SOAP Message | 97 |
| 5.4.3 Examples of SOAP Messages | 98 |
| 5.5 What Is It Like for a Programmer? | 100 |
| 5.5.1 Axis SOAP Server and Tomcat Servlet Engine | 100 |
| 5.5.2 From Java Class to SOAP Server | 101 |
| 5.5.3 Constructing a SOAP Client | 101 |
| 5.6 WSDL | 102 |
| 5.6.1 WSDL Document Structure and Examples | 103 |
| 5.6.2 Options and Alternatives | 105 |
| 5.6.3 What Can One Do with WSDL? | 105 |
| 5.7 UDDI | 106 |
| 5.7.1 Components of a UDDI Entry | 106 |
| 5.7.2 UDDI and WSDL | 107 |
| 5.7.3 Semantical and Ontological Needs | 108 |
| 5.8 References | 114 |
| Chapter 6 Recommender Systems for the Web | 116 |
| 6.1 Introduction | 116 |
| 6.2 The Beginning of Collaborative Filtering | 117 |
| 6.3 Automated Collaborative Filtering | 119 |
| 6.4 Enhancing Collaborative Filtering with Semantics | 122 |
| 6.4.1 New Users and New Items | 122 |
| 6.4.2 Integrated Content/Collaborative Filtering Solutions | 123 |
| 6.4.3 Situational and Task-Focused Recommenders | 125 |
| 6.5 Explanation and Inference | 127 |
| 6.5.1 Explaining Recommendations | 127 |
| 6.5.2 Focusing Implicit Ratings | 128 |
| 6.6 Socially Aware Recommenders | 130 |
| 6.6.1 Social Navigation | 130 |
| 6.6.2 Recommending for Groups | 131 |
| 6.7 Portable Recommenders | 133 |
| 6.8 Cheating with Recommenders | 134 |
| 6.9 Conclusion | 134 |
| 6.10 Acknowledgments | 135 |
| 6.11 References | 135 |
| Chapter 7 SVG and X3D: New XML Technologies for 2D and 3D Visualization | 138 |
| 7.1 Introduction | 138 |
| 7.2 SVG | 138 |
| 7.3 X3D | 141 |
| 7.4 The Use and Advantages of SVG and X3D | 144 |
| 7.5 References | 146 |
| PART 2 Visual Techniques and Applications for the Semantic Web | 149 |
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| Chapter 8 Using Graphically Represented Ontologies for Searching Content on the Semantic Web | 151 |
| 8.1 Introduction | 151 |
| 8.2 Visual Query Languages | 151 |
| 8.3 The Graphical Ontology Designer Environment | 152 |
| 8.3.1 Enabling Technologies | 152 |
| 8.3.2 GODE GUI and Functionality | 159 |
| 8.3.4 Advanced Search | 163 |
| 8.3.5 Application Area of Advanced Graphical Ontologies | 164 |
| 8.3.6 Intended Audience for Advanced Graphical Search | 165 |
| 8.3.7 Possible Traps | 165 |
| 8.4 Conclusion and Further Work | 165 |
| 8.5 Acknowledgments | 166 |
| 8.6 References | 166 |
| Chapter 9 Adapting Graph Visualization Techniques for the Visualization of RDF Data | 168 |
| 9.1 Introduction | 168 |
| 9.2 Backgrou
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