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The Individual and the Welfare State Life Histories in Europe

:	Axel Börsch-Supan, Martina Brandt, Karsten Hank, Mathis Schröder
:	The Individual and the Welfare State Life Histories in Europe
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783642174728
:	1
:	CHF 89.60
:

:	Politische Soziologie
:	English

:	285
:	Wasserzeichen
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Our health, our income and our social networks at older ages are the consequence of what has happened to us over the course of our lives. The situation at age 50+ reflects our own decisions as well as many environmental factors, especially interventions by the welfare state. This book explores the richness of 28,000 life histories in thirteen European countries, collected as part of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Combining these data with a comprehensive account of European welfare state interventions provides a unique opportunity to answer the important public policy questions of our time - how the welfare state affects people's incomes, housing, families, retirement, volunteering and health. The overarching theme of the welfare state creates a book of genuinely interdisciplinary analyses, a valuable resource for economists, gerontologists, historians, political scientists, public health analysts, and sociologists alike.

Prof. Axel Börsch-Supan, Ph.D., is Professor of Economics at the University of Mannheim, Director of the Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging (MEA) and Coordinator of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).

Dr. Martina Brandt is a Senior Researcher at the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in the Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging (MEA), University of Mannheim.

Prof. Dr. Karsten Hank is Professor of Sociology at the Institute of Sociology, University of Cologne.

Mathis Schröder, Ph.D., is a Senior Researcher at the German Socio Economic Panel (SOEP) in the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW). He was the Project Manager for the SHARELIFE project at the Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging (MEA) from 2007 to 2010.

	List of Authors	6
	Contents	14
	Contributors	18
	Chapter 1: Employment and Health at 50+: An Introduction to a Life History Approach to European Welfare State Interventions	22
	1.1 A New Approach to Analysing the European Welfare State	22
	1.2 Combining Life History Micro Data with Macro Data on Welfare State Interventions	23
	1.3 How the Welfare State Has Shaped Health, Employment and Many Other Aspects of Our Lives at Older Ages	27
	1.3.1 Part I: Income, Housing, and Wealth	28
	1.3.2 Part II: Work and Retirement	30
	1.3.3 Part III: Health and Health Care	31
	1.3.4 Part IV: Persecution	33
	1.4 Conclusions	33
	References	36
	Part I: Income, Housing, and Wealth	37
	Chapter 2: Explaining Persistent Poverty in SHARE: Does the Past Play a Role?	38
	2.1 Identifying 50 Years of Social Progress	38
	2.2 What Is to Be Explained? Poverty 2004-2007	39
	2.3 Initial Conditions: Childhood Deprivation in the SHARE Sample	42
	2.4 Transitions to Poverty: A Poverty Probit	43
	2.5 Conclusion: A ``European Social Model´´?	47
	References	48
	Chapter 3: Childhood, Schooling and Income Inequality	49
	3.1 Childhood Effects Over the Life-Cycle	49
	3.2 Childhood Socio-Economic Indicators	50
	3.3 Childhood Resources and Educational Attainments	52
	3.4 Childhood Resources and Income Inequality	54
	3.5 Discussion and Concluding Remarks	60
	References	61
	Chapter 4: Human Capital Accumulation and Investment Behaviour	62
	4.1 Limited Participation in Financial Markets	62
	4.2 When Did Older Europeans First Invest?	63
	4.3 The Role of Human Capital Accumulation	66
	4.4 Multivariate Duration Analysis	69
	4.5 Conclusions	73
	References	73
	Chapter 5: The Impact of Childhood Health and Cognition on Portfolio Choice	75
	5.1 Why Childhood Conditions Can Affect Risk Taking in Older Age	75
	5.2 Indicators of Childhood Health and Cognition	76
	5.3 Asset Ownership and Risk Preferences	78
	5.4 Summary	81
	References	82
	Chapter 6: Nest Leaving in Europe	83
	6.1 A North-South Gradient	83
	6.2 The ``Push-Pull Effect´´ of Family	84
	6.3 Life-Time Parent-Child Co-residence	85
	6.4 A Historical Decline, Which is Stopped or Reversed for Those Born After the Mid 1960s	86
	6.5 The Influence of Parental Background and Home	87
	6.6 The Importance of Housing Policies	89
	6.7 Women Leave Earlier than Men, but Leaving Directly to Marry Has Declined	90
	6.8 Nest Leaving and Education: Leaving Early is Good!	92
	6.9 Conclusion	95
	References	96
	Chapter 7: Homeownership in Old Age at the Crossroad Between Personal and National Histories	97
	7.1 Homeownership as Old Age Insurance	97
	7.2 A Digest of Housing Policies in Europe	98
	7.3 Homeownership Rate by Age, Cohort and Country	99
	7.3.1 Age Profiles	101
	7.3.2 Cohort Effects of the First Type: The Spread of Home Ownership	102
	7.3.3 Second Type of Cohort Effects: Earlier Access to Home Ownership Thanks to Credit	102
	7.4 Tenure and Location Over the Life-Cycle	103
	7.5 How Mortgages Help to Become Homeowners	104
	7.6 Conclusions	107
	References	108
	Chapter 8: Does Downsizing of Housing Equity Alleviate Financial Distress in Old Age?	109
	8.1 Housing and Financial Distress	109
	8.2 How Often Do Europeans Move?	111
	8.3 When Do Older Europeans Move?	113
	8.4 Why Don´t Older Europeans Trade Down More?	116
	8.5 Conclusions	117
	References	117
	Chapter 9: Separation: Consequences for Wealth in Later Life	118
	9.1 Separation as an Increasingly Important Issue	118
	9.2 In the Long Term	120
	9.3 The Importance of Institutions	120
	9.4 Data and Variables	121
	9.4.1 Dependent Variables	121
	9.4.2 Independent Variables	122
	9.4.3 Control Variables	123
	9.5 Results	123
	9.6 Conclusion	128
	References	128
	Part II: Work and Retirement	130
	Chapter 10: Early and Later Life Experiences of Unemployment Under Different Welfare Regimes	131
	10.1 Unemployment in a Life Course and Cross-National Perspective	131
	10.2 Unemployment Histories in SHARELIFE: Measurement and Analysis	132
	10.3 Regional and Career Stage Variations in Levels of Unemployment	133
	10.4 Correlates of Job Loss Over the Life Course	134
	10.5 Unemployment as a Contextual Variable: Does It Matter?	136
	10.6 Summary and Perspectives for Future Research	136<