ebook ebooks e-book e-books downloaden bei MyEbooks.ch downloaden

Demographic Change and Intergenerational Justice The Implementation of Long-Term Thinking in the Political Decision Making Process

:	Jörg Chet Tremmel
:	Joerg Tremmel
:	Demographic Change and Intergenerational Justice The Implementation of Long-Term Thinking in the Political Decision Making Process
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783540770848
:	1
:	CHF 49.80
:

:	Politische Soziologie
:	English

:	218
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Intergeneratio al justice has been achieved if the opportunities of the members of the next generation to fulfill their needs are better than those of the members of the preceding generation. For this, each generation ought to leave for the next generation an amount of resources is at least equal to its own amount.

The book deals with the complex relationship between intergenerational justice and demographic change and is characterized by its interdisciplinary approach. The authors come from a multitude of professional backgrounds and from several countries. This illustrates the implications of the demographic shift from many different perspectives. The book deals not only with the aspects of economic policy but also with environmental, societal and philosophical issues. The comprehensive volume is composed of five sections that pinpoint demographic trends, examine the impact of demographic changes on key indicators, investigate the relationship between key indicators and intergenerational justice, scrutinize population policies, and finally propose ways to implement long-term thinking on these issues.

	Preface	5
	Contents	8
	Contributors	13
	Summary of the Chapters	20
	Part I Demographic Trends	25
	Chapter 1 Low Fertility in Europe in a Global Demographic Context	26
	1.1 Introduction	26
	1.2 The End of Population Growth in a Demographically Divided World	27
	1.3 The Changing Global Distribution of Population and Human Capital	31
	1.4 How Low Can Fertility Fall in Europe?	33
	1.5 Three Mechanisms that May Cause a Downward Spiral in Future Birth Rates	36
	1.6 Conclusions	40
	Part II The Impact of Demographic Developments on Key Indicators	43
	Chapter 2 Demography and Budget Consolidation: An Analysis and Possible Courses of Action	44
	2.1 Introduction	44
	2.2 Public Debt Monitor	45
	2.3 Successful Consolidation: An International Comparison	48
	2.4 Reform Measures on the Expenditure Side	48
	2.5 Reform Measures on the Revenue Side	49
	2.6 Institutional Changes in the Budget Process	49
	2.7 Drawing Conclusions from “Soft Factors”	50
	2.8 Summary and Outlook	50
	Chapter 3 Intergenerational Justice and Economic Growth. A Challenge for Economic Policy	52
	3.1 Economic Theory and the Theory of Justice	52
	3.2 Germany: Facing Demographic Change and the Need for Education Reform	54
	3.3 Driving Forces of Economic Growth	60
	3.4 The Concept of Intergenerational Justice	64
	3.5 A National Strategy for Long-term Growth	68
	Chapter 4 Demographic Development: Not Really a Problem for Coming Generations	74
	4.1 Introduction	74
	4.2 Demographic Change and Economic Consequences	75
	4.3 Prospects	80
	4.4 Political Recommendations	82
	4.5 Family Policy	82
	4.6 Migration	82
	4.7 Increasing Duration of Working Life	84
	4.8 Increase of Labor Force Participation	85
	4.9 Reform of Labor Force Behavior	87
	4.10 Reform of the Pension System	88
	4.11 Summary	90
	Chapter 5 Macroeconomics and Age Structure in a Welfare State – Sweden 1946 – 2005	92
	5.1 Demography and Welfare State Macroeconomics	92
	5.2 Macroeconomic Mechanisms for Age Effects	95
	5.3 Estimation Methods	99
	5.4 Estimated Age Patterns	102
	5.5 Discussion of the Estimates	105
	5.6 The Importance of Age Structure for Swedish Economic Development	108
	5.7 Concluding Remarks	112
	Part III The Relationship Between Key Sustainability Indicators and Intergenerational Justice	117
	Chapter 6 Demographic Change and Sustainability: A Generational Balance	118
	6.1 Introduction: Is Growing Good and Shrinking Bad? Or Vice Versa?	118
	6.2 What Does “Generational Balance” Mean in the Context of Sustainability?	119
	6.3 Demographic Development in Germany – Regional Disparities	120
	6.4 Energy, Settlements, Mobility – Securing Public Utilities and Services	125
	6.5 Natural Heritage – A Matter of Culture	135
	6.6 Conclusion: The Challenge of Adaptation	141
	Chapter 7 Intergenerational Justice in an Extreme Longevity Scenario	145
	7.1 Introduction	145
	7.2 The Truth About the Fountain of Youth?	146
	7.3 Ethical Issues in Biogerontological Endeavours	147
	7.4 Consequences for Intergenerational Justice?	148
	7.5 Anti-aging or Acceptance of Frailty and Finiteness? – A Question for All Generations	150
	Part IV Intergenerational Justice and Population Policies	153
	Chapter 8 An Ethical Assessment of the Legitimacy of Anti-natalistic Birth Policies	154
	8.1 Introduction	154
	8.2 Focus on Anti-natalistic Birth Policies	154
	8.3 The Human Rights Discourse and the Ethical Discourse	159
	8.4 The Dissemination of Birth Policies	160
	8.5 The Role of the State	160
	8.6 The Democratic Proviso	162
	8.7 The Link Between Severity and Efficiency	163
	8.8 The Classification of Birth Policies	164
	8.9 Reaching Ethical Decisions	167
	8.10 Incentives and Disincentives	169
	8.11 Are Bonuses and Maluses Equal from an Ethical Point of View?	169
	8.12 The Four-fifths Rule	170
	8.13 Arguments Against the Four-fifths Rule	173
	Part V The Implementation of Long-term Thinking	177
	Chapter 9 Changing the German Constitution in Favor of Future Generations – Four Perspectives from the Young Generation	178
	9.1 Introduction, by Joerg Chet Tremmel	178
	9.2 Intergenerational Justice from the Perspective of the Christian Democrats/Christian Socials, by Marco Wanderwitz, Member of the German Bundestag (CDU)	179
	9.3 Intergenerational Justice – The Social Democratic Perspective, by Peter Friedrich, Member of the German Bundestag (SPD)	180
	9.4 “We Have Only Borrowed the Earth from Our Children” – The Green Perspective, by Anna Lührmann, Member of the German Bundestag (Green)	183
	9.5 Intergenerational Justice in the Constitution – The Liberal Perspective, by Michael Kauch, Member of the German Bundestag (FDP)	186
	Chapter 10 Demographic Pressure and Attitudes Towards Public Intergenerational Transfers in Germany – How Much Room Left for Reforms?	189
	10.1 Introduction	189
	10.2 Theoretical Starting Point – Mannheim’s Concept of Political Generations	191
	10.3 Preferences Towards Public Intergenerational Transfers	194
	10.4 Empirical Analysis: Public Intergenerational Transfers in Germany	204
	10.5 Summary and Directions for Future Research	216
	Information on the Foundation for the Rights of Future Generations	220
	Subject Index	223
	Index of Persons	228