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Atlas and Textbook of small animal neurology An Illustrated Text

:	André Jaggy, Platt, Simon
:	Atlas and Textbook of small animal neurology An Illustrated Text
:	Schlütersche
:	9783899930924
:	1
:	CHF 150.40
:

:	Veterinärmedizin
:	English

:	611
:	DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

Die englische Übersetzung der deutschen Ausgabe des Buches wurde für den englischsprachigen Markt überarbeitet. Das Buch liefert eine umfassende Zusammenstellung der Kleintierneurologie in allen klinischen Fragestellungen. Der allgemeine Teil präsentiert detaillierte Ausführungen zum neurologischen Untersuchungs-gang, zur Neuropathologie und zu genetischen Krankheiten. Einen guten Einstieg in die praxisrelevanten Grundlagen der Neurologie geben einzelne Kapitel zu Laboruntersuchungen, Anästhesie, Radiologie und Elektrodiagnostik, Rehabilitation, Pharmakologie. Die Neurochirurgie und neurologische Notfälle werden ausführlich vorgestellt. Der spezielle Teil geht auf die spezifischen neurologischen Erkrankungen nach ihrer Lokalisation ein und bietet konkrete Angaben zur Diagnose und Therapie besonderer Krankheitsbilder. Außergewöhnlich sind die Darstellung der Neuroanatomie und -pathologie mit Bildgebenden Verfahren als Bildanhang im Buch und die beigelegte CD-ROM mit der Darstellung des Untersuchungsganges und neurologischen Fallbeispielen.

20 Parasitic Neurological
Diseases of the Dog and Cat , (S. 491-492)

Peter Deplazes

Various helminth and protozoal species are capable of infesting nervous tissue either transiently or permanently. The following overview includes information about a selection of clinically relevant parasites that affect the nervous tissues directly or indirectly via pathophysiological or immunopathological mechanisms.

20.1 Trypanosomiasis in the dog

General information and epidemiology: Trypanosomiasis of the dog is a rare imported disease. Trypanosomes in tropical Africa (Trypanosoma brucei and T. congolense) are transmitted by the tsetse fly, while in the subtropical areas of Africa, Asia and South America, T. evansi is transmitted by tabanid flies and Stomoxys spp. Dogs can also become infected by T. evansi by ingesting meat from infected herbivores. Another trypanosome species present in South and Central America is T. cruzi, which is transmitted by ticks, and is found in up to 30% of dogs and 20% of cats (Chaga’s disease).

However, as stated at the start, imported trypanosome infections are very rare. Clinical: Trypanosomiasis can be acute or chronic in the dog. In the acute form, the main symptoms are a febrile, rapidly deteriorating systemic disease causing a loss of condition, anaemia, leukopaenia, thrombocytopaenia, circulatory and respiratory symptoms, multiple generalised haemorrhages and oedema, conjunctivitis and corneal clouding (1, 2). Except for T. congolense, CNS symptoms can occur due to a meningoencephalomyelitis associated with the presence of extravascular trypanosomes (3). In such cases, death takes only a few days. Neurological signs may also occur as part of a chronic clinical picture and are determined by the location of the parasitic migration.

Diagnosis: The extracellular trypanosomes in the blood can be diagnosed by staining them in blood smears with Giemsa. Therapy: Treatment can be tried with quinapyramine sulphate (5 mg/kg, SC) or isomethamidium (0.25–1 mg/kg, IM). Both medications, however, are associated with severe side-effects (4).

20.2 Neosporosis in the dog

General information:The taxonomic position of Toxoplasma gondii and Hammondia heydorni are very close, while that of Neospora caninum, a species described in 1984, remains controversial (4, 5). Infection with N. caninum is increasingly associated with paralysis and death in the dog, as well as abortion and neonatal deaths in cattle and small ruminants.

The latest data convincingly demonstrate that N. caninum is one of the most important causes of abortion in cattle in Europe and is widely geographically distributed (6). Infections with Neospora have not as yet been reported in humans. Epidemiology: Using experimental infections, it has been shown that the dog can be a final host of N. caninum. In addition, naturally infected dogs have been shown to excrete Neospora oocytes (8). In comparison, the fox does not appear to be a suitable final host (9).

	Table of Contents	8
	Contributors	17
	Preface to the English edition	22
	Preface to the second German edition	23
	Preface to the first German edition	24
	Abbreviations	25
	1 Neurological Examination of Small Animals	28
	1.1 Signalment	28
	1.2 Anamnesis	28
	1.3 General examination	29
	1.4 Neurological status	29
	1.5 Ophthalmological examination	61
	Literature	64
	2 Principles of Neuropathology	66
	2.1 General neuropathology	66
	2.2 Classification of neurological diseases: VITAMIN D	75
	2.3 Investigation of the cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF)	80
	Further reading	82
	3 Genetic Neurological Diseases and Breed Predisposition	84
	3.1 Genetic defects	84
	3.2 Inheritance	85
	3.3 Demonstrating the mode of inheritance	85
	3.4 Testing for potential genetic carriers	87
	3.5 Breeding methods to eradicate genetic defects	88
	3.6 Diseases due to multifactorial causes	89
	Literature	90
	4 Basic Laboratory Investigations	92
	4.1 Indications	92
	4.2 Haematology	93
	4.3 Biochemical blood parameters	95
	4.4 Urine investigations	98
	Further reading	98
	5 Anaesthesia	100
	5.1 Basics of neuroanaesthesia	100
	5.1.1 Control of intracranial pressure	101
	5.1.2 Control of the carbon dioxide partial pressure	102
	5.1.3 Control of blood pressure	103
	5.1.4 Pharmaceuticals	103
	5.1.5 Positioning	104
	5.1.6 Supervision of anaesthesia and hypothermia	104
	5.1.7 Fluid therapy	104
	5.1.8 Recovery period	105
	5.2 Specific procedural techniques	105
	Literature	112
	Further reading	112
	6 Neuroradiology	114
	6.1 Indications	114
	6.2 Examination methods	116
	6.3 Spine	124
	6.4 Specific diseases	139
	6.5 Skull	152
	Literature	172
	7 Electrodiagnostics	180
	7.1 Electrodiagnosis of the peripheral nervous system ( PNS)	181
	7.1.1 Electromyography (EMG)	182
	7.1.2 Electroneurography	184
	7.1.3 Auditory evoked potentials (AEP)	188
	7.2 Electrodiagnostic examinations of the CNS 7.2.1 Electroencephalography	190
	7.3 Biopsy	196
	7.3.1 Muscle biopsy	196
	7.3.2 Nerve biopsy	197
	8 Rehabilitation	198
	8.1 Physiotherapy	198
	8.1.1 Hydrotherapy	199
	8.1.2 Massage	199
	8.1.3 Kinesiotherapy	201
	8.1.4 Electrotherapy	202
	8.1.5 Thermotherapy	205
	8.1.6 Magnetic field therapy	205
	8.2 Adjuvant therapeutic measures	205
	9 Neuropharmacology	210
	9.1 Antibiotic therapy in neurological disease	210
	9.1.1 Classes of antibiotics and their antibiotic spectra	210
	9.1.2 Choice of antibiotic depending on neurological lesion localisation	213
	9.2 Steroid therapy	214
	9.2.1 Chemistry, pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacology	214
	9.2.2 Physiological and pharmacological effects	215
	9.2.3 Side-effects	216
	9.2.4 Therapeutic uses	216
	9.3 Analgesics	218
	9.3.1 Principles of pain physiology and therapy	219
	9.3.2 Opioids	220
	9.3.3 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	220
	9.3.4 Other medications and treatments used in pain relief	223
	Literature	224
	Further reading	224
	10 Neurosurgery	226
	10.1 Instrumentation	226
	10.2 Brain	227
	10.2.1 Brain tumours	228
	10.2.2 Cranial trauma	231
	10.2.3 Hydrocephalus	232
	10.3 Spinal cord/ Spine	233
	10.3.1 Diseases of the intervertebral discs	233
	10.3.2 Diseases of the cervical intervertebral discs	234
	10.3.3 Diseases of the thoracolumbar intervertebral discs	237
	10.3.4 Diseases of the lumbosacral intervertebral discs	239
	10.3.5 Tumours of the vertebral body, spinal cord and nerve roots	239
	10.4 Spinal fractures / luxations	242
	10.5 Peripheral nerves	249
	10.6 Surgery of the middle and inner ear	254
	11 Acupuncture	258
	11.1 Introduction	258
	11.1.1 Acupuncture in traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM)	258
	11.1.2 The acupoints	258
	11.1.3 Choice of acupoints	259
	11.1.4 Activation of the acupoints	259
	11.2 The use of acupuncture in neurological disease	260
	11.3 Acupunctural analgesia and postoperative pain relief	261
	12 Stabilization of the Neurological Emergency Patient	264