Clinical Endocrinology of Dogs and Cats An Illustrated Text
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Ad Rijnberk
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Clinical Endocrinology of Dogs and Cats An Illustrated Text
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Schlütersche
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9783899930917
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2
:
CHF 103.30
:
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Veterinärmedizin
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English
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354
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DRM
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PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
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PDF
Die Autoren beschreiben alle wichtigen endokrinen Erkrankungen bei Hund und Katze. Der fallorientierte und organbezogene Aufbau des Buches sowie die zahlreichen Bilder erleichtern dem Kleintierpraktiker den Umgang mit endokrinen Erkrankungen. Die Neuauflage ist umfassend aktualisiert und erweitert. Jedes Kapitel gibt zunächst einen kurzen Überblick zum jeweiligen Organsystem. Schaubilder erklären die endokrinen Zusammenhänge. Zahlreiche Farbfotos veranschaulichen die klinische Symptomatik, da sich der Tierarzt bei der Diagnose von endokrinen Erkrankungen zunächst am äußeren Erscheinungsbild des Tieres orientiert. Viele Fallbeispiele sichern den Praxisbezug. Übersichtliche Diagnostik- und Therapie-Protokolle sowie Flussdiagramme zu wichtigen Symptomen (z.B. Alopezie, Polyurie und Gewichtsverlust) erleichtern die schnelle und sichere Diagnosestellung. Damit erhält der Tierarzt ein Nachschlagewerk, auf das er in seiner täglichen Praxis zurückgreifen kann.
14 Algorithms
(S. 232-324)
Hans S. Kooistra
Ad Rijnberk
In these step-by-step procedures for problem solving the emphasis is on associated symptoms and signs that may point to an endocrine disturbance. The history and physical examination are aimed at the detection of endocrine disease, and the use of a standard form for these steps may be helpful.1 When suspicion of an endocrine disturbance arises, it can be tested by specific examinations. If the history and physical examination do not reveal clues suggesting an endocrine disturbance, the next step is laboratory examination of urine and blood. If the routine laboratory examinations reveal no abnormal values, diagnostic imaging and work-up at specialist level may be required.
14.1 Endocrine alopecia
Endocrine disturbances may cause atrophy of the skin and adnexa. Atrophy of hair follicles results in slow, abnormal (dull), or absent hair growth. Skin atrophy may also manifest itself by stagnant regrowth of hair after clipping. Depending upon the severity and duration of the endocrine disturbance, alopecia may develop. In the dog the classical causes of alopecia are hypothyroidism (section 3.3), hypercortisolism (section 4.3), and hyperestrogenism (section 8.4). Growth hormone deficiency may also cause alopecia (chapter 2.2.2), but the alopecias that have been ascribed to acquired growth hormone deficiency do not seem to fit in this category (see chapter 2.2.3).
14.2 Polyuria and polydipsia
In the first part of this algorithm the signalment, history, and physical examination may reveal a reason to suspect an endocrine disorder as the cause of the polyuria /polydipsia (PU/ PD). The second step is a urinalysis. If an animal with a seemingly convincing history of PU/ PD is found to produce urine with a high osmolality (Uosm) or specific gravity (Usg), indicating that the kidneys are able to concentrate urine, primary polydipsia must be considered. Alternatively, water consumption may be increased because the owner has changed the animal’s diet to a dry food. A high Uosm or Usg in an animal with PU/ PD may also be due to glucosuria. Other than kidney disease, hepatic failure may also cause polyuria, especially when associated with hepatic encephalopathy. In this condition abnormal metabolism of amino acids gives rise to »false« neurotransmitters, which lead to increased secretion of ACTH and subsequently cortisol excess.
As parathyroid tumors are usually very small and a malignancy causing hypercalcemia may not have been detected by physical examination (section 9.3), measurement of plasma calcium and phosphate should always be included in the laboratory profile for PU/ PD. Polycythemia and hyperaldosteronism may also cause PU/ PD in dogs.3,4 If the routine laboratory examinations reveal no abnormal values suggesting the cause of the PU/ PD, abdominal ultrasonography, serial measurements of urine osmolality (chapter 12.2.1), the modified water deprivation test (chapter 12.2.2), and vasopressin measurements during hypertonic saline infusion (chapter 12.2.3) may be required.
14.3 Breeding management of the bitch
If the general and gynecological examinations reveal no abnormalities, this algorithm can be used after the onset of proestrus, characterized by swelling of the vulva and bloody vaginal discharge. The information needed for good management of breeding includes the appearance of the vaginal discharge, the vaginoscopic appearance of the vaginal mucosa, the cytological findings in a vaginal smear, and the plasma progesterone (P4) concentration.
Contents
6
Authors
10
Abbreviations
11
Preface to the first edition
13
Preface to the second edition
14
Clinical Endocrinology
16
1 Introduction
18
2 Hypothalamus-Pituitary System
28
3 Thyroids
70
4 Adrenals
108
5 Endocrine Pancreas
170
6 Gonadal Development and Disorders of Sexual Differentiation
202
7 Ovaries
218
8 Testes
250
9 Calciotropic Hormones
268
10 Tissue Hormones and Humoral Manifestations of Cancer
306
11 Obesity
312
Protocols and Algorithms
318
12 Protocols for Function Tests
320
13 Treatment Protocols
330
14 Algorithms
338
Index
348
