| Foreword | 6 |
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| Preface | 8 |
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| About the Editors | 10 |
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| Acknowledgement | 12 |
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| Contents | 14 |
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| Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Acoustic Cavitation and Sonochemistry | 16 |
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| 1.1 Introduction | 16 |
| 1.2 Acoustic Cavitation | 17 |
| 1.2.1 Transient and Stable Cavitation | 17 |
| 1.2.2 Nucleation of Bubbles | 20 |
| 1.2.3 Growth of a Bubble | 22 |
| 1.2.4 Radiation Forces on a Bubble (Primary and Secondary Bjerknes Forces) | 22 |
| 1.2.5 Bubble Radial Dynamics | 24 |
| 1.2.6 Inertial Collapse (Rayleigh Collapse) | 26 |
| 1.3 Sonochemistry | 28 |
| 1.3.1 Single-Bubble Sonochemistry | 28 |
| 1.3.2 Optimal Bubble Temperature for Oxidant Production | 29 |
| 1.3.3 Three Sites for Chemical Reactions | 30 |
| 1.3.4 Size of Active Bubbles | 31 |
| 1.3.5 Effect of a Surfactant | 33 |
| 1.3.6 Nucleation of Particles by Ultrasound | 34 |
| 1.3.7 Enhancement of Mass Transfer | 34 |
| 1.4 Conventional Ultrasonic Reactors | 35 |
| 1.4.1 Bath-type Reactor | 35 |
| 1.4.2 Ultrasonic Horn | 37 |
| 1.5 Bubble-Bubble Interaction | 39 |
| 1.6 Conclusion | 39 |
| References | 40 |
| Chapter 2: Theory of Cavitation and Design Aspects of Cavitational Reactors | 45 |
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| 2.1 Introduction | 45 |
| 2.2 Mechanism of Cavitational Effects for Chemical Processing | 49 |
| 2.3 Design Aspects of Cavitational Reactors | 51 |
| 2.3.1 Designs of Sonochemical Reactors | 52 |
| 2.3.1.1 Probe Systems | 52 |
| 2.3.1.2 Ultrasonic Baths | 55 |
| 2.3.1.3 Flow Systems | 56 |
| 2.3.2 Understanding Cavitational Activity Distribution | 58 |
| 2.3.3 Design Related Information Based on Mapping Investigations | 61 |
| 2.4 Optimization of Operating Parameters | 64 |
| 2.4.1 Frequency of Ultrasound | 65 |
| 2.4.2 Intensity of Irradiation | 66 |
| 2.4.3 Geometrical Design of the Reactor | 67 |
| 2.4.4 Liquid Phase Physicochemical Properties | 68 |
| 2.4.5 Bulk Temperature of Liquid Medium | 69 |
| 2.5 Intensification of Cavitational Activity in the Sonochemical Reactors | 69 |
| 2.5.1 Use of Process Intensifying Parameters | 70 |
| 2.5.1.1 Use of Gases | 70 |
| 2.5.1.2 Use of Solid Particles | 71
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