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Phosphors, Up Conversion Nano Particles, Quantum Dots and Their Applications Volume 1

:	Ru-Shi Liu
:	Phosphors, Up Conversion Nano Particles, Quantum Dots and Their Applications Volume 1
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9783662527719
:	1
:	CHF 149.60
:

:	Anorganische Chemie
:	English

:	593
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

This book introduces readers to fundamental information on phosphor and quantum dots. It comprehensively reviews the latest research advances in and applications of fluoride phosphors, oxide phosphors, nitridosilicate phosphors and various quantum dot materials. Phosphors and phosphor-based quantum dot materials have recently gained considerable scientific interest due to their wide range of applications in lighting, displays, medical and telecommunication technologies.

This work will be of great interest to researchers and graduate students in materials sciences and chemistry who wish to learn more about the principles, synthesis and analysis of phosphors and quantum dot materials.

Professor Ru-Shi Liu is currently a professor at the Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University. He received his Bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Soochow University (Taiwan) in 1981, and his Master's degree in Nuclear Science from the National Tsinghua University (Taiwan) in 1983. He obtained two PhD degrees in Chemistry - one from National Tsinghua University in 1990 and one from the University of Cambridge in 1992. He worked at Materials Research Laboratories at the Industrial Technology Research Institute from 1983 to 1985. He was an Associate Professor at the Department of Chemistry of National Taiwan University from 1995 to 1999, and appointed a professor in 1999. His research focuses on the field of Materials Chemistry. He is the author or coauthor of more than 500 publications in scientific international journals, and holds more than 100 patents.

	Preface	5
	Contents	6
	1 Introduction to the Basic Properties of Luminescent Materials	8
	Abstract	8
	1.1 History and Classification of LEDs	9
	1.2 Fundamentals of Phosphors	12
	1.2.1 Host Lattice	12
	1.2.2 Activator	13
	1.2.2.1 Transition-Metal Ions	13
	1.2.2.2 Rare-Earth Ions (4f ? 4f Transition)	14
	1.2.2.3 Rare-Earth Ions (5d ? 4f Transition)	16
	1.2.3 Effect-Dependent Luminescence	17
	1.2.4 Energy Transfer	18
	1.2.5 Thermal Effect	19
	1.2.6 Classification of Phosphors for Pc-WLEDs	21
	1.3 Fundamentals of Nanomaterials	23
	1.3.1 Quantum-Confinement Effect	24
	1.3.2 Nucleation and Growth	25
	1.3.3 II–VI, III–V, and I–III–VI Semiconducting QDs	27
	1.3.3.1 Binary II–VI QDs	27
	1.3.3.2 Binary III–V QDs	28
	1.3.3.3 Ternary I–III–VI QDs	30
	References	31
	2 Phosphors for White-Light LEDs Through the Principle of Energy Transfer	37
	Abstract	37
	2.1 Introduction	38
	2.2 Theory of Electronic Transition and Luminescence	38
	2.2.1 Literature Review	42
	2.3 Design Principles and Preparation Protocol of White-Emitting Phosphors	43
	2.4 White-Emitting Phosphors with Predesigned Energy-Transfer Mechanisms	45
	2.4.1 White-Emitting Phosphors with Energy Transfer from Eu2+ to Mn2+	45
	2.4.2 White-Emitting Phosphors with Energy Transfer from Ce3+ to Eu2+	47
	2.4.3 White-Emitting Phosphors with Energy Transfer from Ce3+ to Mn2+ [45–48]	48
	2.4.4 Trichromatic White-Emitting Phosphors with Dual-Energy Transfer	49
	2.5 Summary and Perspectives	56
	Acknowledgments	56
	References	57
	3 Energy Transfer Between Luminescent Centers	60
	Abstract	60
	3.1 Introduction	60
	3.2 Spectroscopic Evidence for Energy Transfer	61
	3.3 Efficiencies of Donor Luminescence and Energy Transfer	62
	3.4 Lifetimes	64
	3.4.1 Excited-State Lifetime	64
	3.4.2 Fluorescence Lifetime	65
	3.5 Theory of Energy Transfer	65
	3.5.1 Electric Multipolar Interaction	66
	3.5.2 Exchange Interaction	70
	3.5.3 Diffusion-Limited Energy Transfer	71
	References	71
	4 Principles of Energetic Structure and Excitation-Energy Transfer Based on High-Pressure Measurements	72
	Abstract	72
	4.1 Introduction	72
	4.2 High-Pressure Generation and Equipment	74
	4.2.1 Hydrostatic Pressure as Experimental Variable	74
	4.2.2 High-Pressure Cells	75
	4.2.3 Anvils and Gaskets	77
	4.2.4 Pressure-Transmitting Media	77
	4.2.5 High-Pressure Sensors	80
	4.3 Fundamentals of High-Pressure Luminescence Phenomena	81
	4.3.1 Pressure-Induced Shifts of the Band States	84
	4.3.2 Pressure Dependence of Transition-Metal Ion Luminescence	84
	4.3.2.1 Pressure Dependence of Ti3+ (3d1) Luminescence	87
	4.3.2.2 High-Pressure Spectroscopy of the 3d3 and 3d2 Systems	89
	4.4 Rare-Earth Ions	94
	4.4.1 Pressure Dependence of 4fn–4fn Transitions	94
	4.4.1.1 Ce3+ and Yb3+	95
	4.4.1.2 Pr3+ Ions	96
	4.4.1.3 Nd3+ Ion	103
	4.4.1.4 Eu3+, Tb3+ and Eu2+ Ions	104
	4.4.1.5 Spectroscopic Evidence of Pressure-Induced Phase Transitions	105
	4.5 Luminescence Related to the 4fn?15d ? 4fn Transitions in Ln3+ and Ln2+ Ions	106
	4.5.1 5d ? 4f Luminescence in Ce3+	108
	4.5.2 4f5d ? 4f2 Luminescence in Pr3+	113
	4.5.3 4f6 5d ? 4f7 Luminescence in Eu2+ and 4f135d ? 4f14 Luminescence in Yb2+	115
	4.5.4 d-f Luminescence in Actinides	124
	4.6 Influence of Pressure on Ionization and Charge-Transfer Transitions	124
	4.6.1 Model of Impurity-Trapped Exciton States	126
	4.6.2 High-Pressure Effect on an Anomalous Luminescence in Eu2+- and Yb2+-Doped Materials	130
	4.6.3 Pressure-Induced Luminescence Quenching in Pr3+- and Tb3+-Doped Materials	134
	4.6.4 Pressure Dependence of the Energy of CT Transitions	143
	4.7 Summary	147
	Acknowledgments	147
	References	148
	5 First-Principles Calculations of Structural, Elastic, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Pure and Tm2+-Doped Alkali?Earth Chlorides MCl2 (M = Ca, Sr, and Ba)	157
	Abstract	157
	5.1 Introduction	158
	5.2 Crystal Structure	159
	5.3 Methods of Calculations	160
	5.3.1 Ab Initio Calculations	160
	5.3.2 Crystal-Field Calculations and Exchange-Charge Model	161
	5.4 Ab Initio Calculations for Pure CaCl2, SrCl2, and BaCl2 Crystals	164
	5.5 Ab Initio Calculations for Tm2+-doped CaCl2, SrCl2, and BaCl2 Crystals	167
	5.6 Crystal-Field Modeling of the Tm2+ Spectra in SrCl2 Crystal	171
	5.7 Summary	173
	Acknowledgments	173
	References	174
	6 First-Principles Calculation of Luminescent Materials	177
	Abstract	177
	6.1 The First-Principles Basic Theory, Related Software, and Luminescence Foundation	177
	6.1.1 Born?Oppenheimer Approximation	178
	6.1.2 Hartree?Fock Approximation	179
	6.1.3 Density Functional Theory	181
	6.1.4 Related Calculation Software	183
	6.1.5 Luminescence Foundation	184
	6.2 Photoluminescence Mechanism Based on the First-Principles Calculation	191
	6.2.1 Intrinsic Luminescence	193
	6.2.2 Native Defect Luminescence	197
	6.2.3 Dopant or Doping-Induced Defect Luminescence	202
	6.2.4 Conclusions	207
	6.3 Calculation using the Advanced Density-Function Theory for Luminescence Materials	208
	6.3.1 Excited-State Calculation	210
	6.3.2 Band-Gap Correction for Luminescent Materials	211
	6.3.3 Conclusions	217
	6.4 Summary and Prospect	217
	References	218
	7 Color Tuning of Oxide Phosphors	223
	Abstract	223
	7.1 Introduction	223
	7.2 Eu2+-Activated Phosphors	224
	7.2.1 Ba9Sc2Si6O24:Eu2+	224
	7.2.2 AE2SiO4:Eu2+ (AE = Alkali Earth)	227
	7.2.3 Li2SrSiO4:Eu2+	229
	7.2.4 Sr3B2O6:Eu2+	231
	7.2.5 NaMgPO4:Eu2+	232
	7.2.6 Ca3Si2O7:Eu2+