| Preface | 6 |
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| Glossary | 9 |
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| Contents | 12 |
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| 1 Introduction | 18 |
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| 1.1 The Scope of Recurrent Events | 18 |
| 1.2 Some Preliminary Examples | 19 |
| 1.3 Notation and Frameworks | 26 |
| 1.4 Selection of Individuals and Observation Schemes | 33 |
| 1.5 Multitype Event Data | 37 |
| 1.6 Some Other Aspects of Analysis and Design | 40 |
| 1.7 Bibliographic Notes | 41 |
| 2 Models and Frameworks for Analysis of Recurrent Events | 43 |
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| 2.1 Mathematical Background | 43 |
| 2.2 Poisson Processes and Models for Event Counts | 47 |
| 2.3 Renewal Processes and Models for Gap Times | 55 |
| 2.4 General Intensity-Based Models | 59 |
| 2.5 Discrete-Time Models and Time-Varying Covariates | 61 |
| 2.6 Likelihood for Selection and Observation Schemes | 63 |
| 2.7 Bibliographic Notes | 67 |
| 2.8 Problems and Supplements | 68 |
| 3 Methods Based on Counts and Rate Functions | 75 |
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| 3.1 Introduction | 75 |
| 3.2 Parametric Maximum Likelihood for Poisson Models | 77 |
| 3.3 Poisson Models with Piecewise-Constant Rates | 81 |
| 3.4 Nonparametric and Semiparametric Poisson Models | 84 |
| 3.5 Poisson Models with Random Effects | 92 |
| 3.6 Robust Methods for Rate and Mean Functions | 98 |
| 3.7 Some Useful Tests for Rate Functions | 104 |
| 3.8 Applications and Illustrations | 116 |
| 3.9 Bibliographic Notes | 128 |
| 3.10 Problems and Supplements | 130 |
| 4 Analysis of Gap Times | 136 |
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| 4.1 Renewal Processes and Related Methods of Analysis | 136 |
| 4.2 Extensions of Renewal Models | 141 |
| 4.3 Examples | 148 |
| 4.4 Estimation of Marginal Gap Time Probabilities | 152 |
| 4.5 Left Truncation of First Gap Times and Initial Conditions | 161 |
| 4.6 Bibliographic Notes | 167 |
| 4.7 Problems and Supplements | 168 |
| 5 General Intensity-Based Models | 175 |
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| 5.1 Time Scales and Intensity Modeling | 175 |
| 5.2 Parametric Analysis for Two Useful Models | 177 |
| 5.3 Semiparametric Markov Analysis | 185 |
| 5.4 Semiparametric Modulated Renewal Analysis | 197 |
| 5.5 Some Additional Illustrations | 203 |
| 5.6 Bibliographic Notes | 214 |
| 5.7 Problems and Supplements | 215 |
| 6 Multitype Recurrent Events | 219 |
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| 6.1 Multivariate Event Data | 219 |
| 6.2 Intensity-Based Methods | 220 |
| 6.3 Random Effect Models for Multitype Events | 223 |
| 6.4 Robust Methods for Multitype Events | 226 |
| 6.5 Alternating Two-State Processes | 230 |
| 6.6 Recurrent Events with a Terminal Event | 232 |
| 6.7 Applications and Illustrations | 241 |
| 6.8 Bibliographic Notes | 260 |
| 6.9 Problems and Supplements | 261 |
| 7 Observation Schemes Giving Incomplete or Selective Data | 265 |
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| 7.1 Intermittent Observation During Followup | 265 |
| 7.2 Dependent Censoring or Inspections | 278 |
| 7.3 Event-Dependent Selection | 287 |
| 7.4 Bibliographic Notes | 298 |
| 7.5 Problems and Supplements | 300 |
| 8 Other Topics | 306 |
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| 8.1 Event Processes with Marks | 306 |
| 8.2 Models for Cumulative Costs | 308 |
| 8.3 Prediction | 315 |
| 8.4 Recurrent Events in Randomized Trials | 324 |
| 8.5 Clustered Data | 337 |
| 8.6 Missing Covariate Values | 340 |
| 8.7 Covariate Measurement Error | 342 |
| 8.8 Bayesian Methods | 344 |
| 8.9 Bibliographic Notes | 345 |
| 8.10 Problems and Supplements | 346 |
| A Estimation and Statistical Inference | 350 |
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| A.1 Maximum Likelihood | 350 |
| A.2 Estimating Functions | 355 |
| B Computational Methods | 357 |
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| B.1 Software for Recurrent Events | 357 |
| B.2 Optimization Methods | 358 |
| B.3 Simulation and Resampling Methods | 358 |
| C Code and Remarks for Selected Examples | 361 |
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| C.1 Tumorgenicity Data Analysis of Chapter 3 | 361 |
| C.2 Code for rhDNase Data Analyses of Chapter 4 | 367 |
| C.3 Code for Chronic Bronchitis Trial of Chapter 6 | 370 |
| D Datasets | 374 |
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| D.1 Bladder Cancer Data | 374 |
| D.2 Bowel Motility Data | 375 |
| D.3 Pulmonary Exacerbations and rhDNase | 376 |
| D.4 Software Debugging Data | 378 |
| D.5 Artificial Field Repair Data | 378 |
| References | 381 |
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| Author Index | 401 |
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| Subject Index | 407 |