| Series Editor Introduction | 8 |
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| Foreword | 11 |
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| Preface | 13 |
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| Contents | 15 |
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| 1 Nutritional Blindness ( Vitamin A Deficiency Disorders) | 16 |
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| 1. INTRODUCTION | 16 |
| 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND | 16 |
| 2.1. Early Perspectives on Xerophthalmia | 17 |
| 2.2. Characterization of Vitamin A | 19 |
| 2.3. Vitamin A Deficiency and Increased Mortality in Children: Lessons From Denmark | 20 |
| 2.4. Ellison’s Landmark Trial and Other Therapeutic Trials of Vitamin A, the “ Anti- Infective” Vitamin, 1920 – 1940 | 21 |
| 2.5. Public Health Measures to Improve Vitamin A Status in the United States and Europe | 24 |
| 2.6. Vitamin A Deficiency, Infection, and Mortality in Developing Countries— A Recurring Theme | 24 |
| 2.7. Initiation of National Programs of Vitamin A Supplementation in the Early 1970s | 27 |
| 2.8. Further Investigations of the Relationship Between Vitamin A Deficiency and Child Mortality | 28 |
| 3. BIOCHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM OF VITAMIN A 3.1. Structure and Characteristics of Vitamin A | 29 |
| 3.1. Structure and Characteristics of Vitamin A | 29 |
| 3.2. Dietary Sources and Metabolism of Vitamin A | 29 |
| 3.3. Retinoic Acid Receptors and Gene Regulation | 34 |
| 3.4. Dietary Requirements for Vitamin A | 35 |
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