| DEDICATION | 6 |
---|
| Contents | 7 |
---|
| Authors | 9 |
---|
| Abbreviations | 11 |
---|
| Preface | 12 |
---|
| Foreword | 14 |
---|
| PROLOGUE | 19 |
---|
| 1. THE ORIGINS OF HANZI | 19 |
| 2. STRUCTURE EVOLUTION FROM PICTURES TO SYMBOLS | 21 |
| 2.1 Oracle Bone Inscription ( jiaguwen, jiaguwen, jiaguwen, jiaguwen, ). | 22 |
| 2.2 Bronze Inscription ( jinwen, jinwen, jinwen, ) | 23 |
| 2.3 Small Seal Script4 (xiaozhuan, xiaozhuan, xiaozhuan, ) | 24 |
| 2.4 Clerical Script ( lishu, lishu, lishu, ) | 25 |
| 2.5 Square Script (kaishu, kaishu, kaishu, ) | 26 |
| 2.6 Summary of Historical Development | 27 |
| 3. CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINESE HANZI | 27 |
| 3.1 Abstraction: From Pictogram and Ideogram to Phonogram | 27 |
| 3.2 Structural Complexity | 30 |
| 3.3 An Open-Ended Number of Characters | 33 |
| 3.4 Artistic Features: Writing Stylization, Print Fonts | 35 |
| 4. PROLOGUE SUMMARY | 39 |
| Chapter 1 MAKING HANZI ACCESSIBLE | 41 |
---|
| 1. INTRODUCTION | 41 |
| 2. HANZI UNIFICATION AND STANDARDIZATION IN DYNASTIC CHINA | 42 |
| 2.1 One State, One Script Qin Empire | 43 |
| 2.2 Subsequent Developments Prior to Modern China | 44 |
| 2.3 Standardization Summary | 45 |
| 3. THE FIRST SIMPLIFICATION SCHEME IN 1935 | 46 |
| 3.1 Background Review | 48 |
| 3.2 Exploring Reasons for Failure: Cultural Continuity | 49 |
| 3.3 Implications for the Forthcoming Reforms | 56 |
| 3.4 Government vs Individuals | 56 |
| 3.5 Methodological Issues | 58 |
| 4. SIMPLIFICATION MOVEMENTS IN THE 1950s AND 1960s | 59 |
| 4.1 Dynamic Intervention from the State Organizational Change | 59 |
| 4.2 A Tentative Evaluation of the Table of Simplified Characters of 1956 Periodic Success | 63 |
| 5. SECOND SIMPLIFICATION SCHEME (SSS) ( 1977) | 69 |
| 5.1 Political Presence in Chinese Characters and Character Planning | 70 |
| 5.2 Formalization and Implementation | 72 |
| 5.3 Factors That Led to the Abandonment | 82 |
| 5.4 Summarizing the Second Simplification Scheme | 86 |
| Chapter 2 REFLECTIONS ON NEW PERSPECTIVES | 88 |
---|
| The Opening Up of Chinese Society | 88 |
| 1. SCRIPT REFORM TRANSFORMED: REFLECTION AND RE- ORIENTATION | 88 |
| 1.1 Adjustment to Meet the Needs of a New Society NCLW ( 1986) | 89 |
| 1.2 Reflection on Past Experience | 92 |
| 2. SOCIO-POLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE TRANSFORMATION | 107 |
| 2.1 Chaotic Situation During Social Transition | 107 |
| 2.2 A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Character Use | 110 |
| 2.3 The Polemic (Debate) on hanzi s Future | 113 |
| Chapter 3 NEW CHALLENGES FOR A DIGITAL SOCIETY | 127 |
---|
| 1. INTRODUCTION | 127 |
| 2. DEALING WITH THE PROBLEMS OF A DIGITAL SOCIETY | 128 |
| 2.1 Chinese Character s Machine Applications | 128 |
| 2.2 Three Streams of Input Schemes | 133 |
| 3. INTERNET USE OF CHINESE CHARACTERS | 143 |
| 3.1 Some Technical Issues in Encoding and Decoding Chinese Characters | 144 |
| 3.2 Decoding Chinese Information on Web Pages | 146 |
| 3.3 E-mail Use on Non-Chinese Language Computers | 148 |
| 3.4 Summarizing the On-line Dilemma | 150 |
| Chapter 4 STANDARDIZATION AS A SOLUTION | 152 |
---|
| Multiple Standards for Specific Purposes | 152 |
| 1. INTRODUCTION | 152 |
| 2. A NEW ROUND OF STANDARDIZATION: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC SOLUTION TO TECHNOLOGICAL IMPACT | 154 |
| 2.1 Tackling the Total Number of Chinese Characters | 154 |
| 2.2 Shape Developing a Higher Standard for Physical Uniformity | 171 |
| 2.3 Sound Reducing Pronunciation Variation | 177 |
| 2.4 Ordering Standardizing the Referencing Methods | 183 |
| 3. CURRENT STANDARDIZATION PROJECTS | 189 |
| 3.1 Systematic Optimization and Modification: CTSC | 190 |
| 3.2 Overhauling the Repertoire of Chinese Writing System: Corpus of Whole Chinese Characters | 200 |
| 4. TENTATIVE SUMMARY | 204 |
| Chapter 5 INFLUENCING OUTCOMES | 206 |
---|
| Sociolinguistic Analysis of Non-Character-based Issues | 206 |
| 1. INTRODUCTION | 206 |
| 2. LINGUISTIC RESEARCH AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF LP | 208 |
| 2.1 New Functions for Pinyin and Putonghua | 209 |
| 2.2 Implications of Linguistics Science | 211 |
| 3. TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AS A CATALYST | 216 |
| 3.3 The Outcome of Economic Development | 218 |
| 4. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES | 223 |
| 4.1 Widespread Literacy | 223 |
| 4.2 Awareness of Democracy | 226 |
| 4.3 Regionalism | 227 |
| 4.4 Down to Reality | 229 |
| 5. POLITICAL CLIMATE ACROSS THE TAIWAN STRAIT | 230 |
| 5.1 The Source of the Difference: Political Rift | 230 |
| 5.2 Stability and Unification: From Maintaining the Status Quo to Moving Closer | 232 |
| 5.3 Looking into the Fu
|