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Eye Tracking Methodology Theory and Practice

:	Andrew Duchowski
:	Eye Tracking Methodology Theory and Practice
:	Springer-Verlag
:	9781846286094
:	2
:	CHF 90.70
:

:	Betriebssysteme, Benutzeroberflächen
:	English

:	336
:	Wasserzeichen/DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF

< >Despite the availability of cheap, fast, accurate and usable eye trackers, there is little information available on how to develop, implement and use these systems. This 2nd edition of the successful guide contains significant additional material on the topic and aims to fill that gap in the market by providing an accessible and comprehensive introduction. Additional key features of the 2nd edition include: Technical description of new (state-of-the-art) eye tracking technology; a complete whole new section describing experimental methodology including experimental design, empirical guidelines, and five case studies; and survey material regarding recent research publications.

	List of Figures	13
	List of Tables	19
	Part I Introduction to the Human Visual System (HVS)	24
	Visual Attention	25
	Visual Attention: A Historical Review	26
	Von Helmholtz's ``Where''	26
	James' ``What''	27
	Gibson's ``How''	27
	Broadbent's ``Selective Filter''	28
	Deutsch and Deutsch's ``Importance Weightings''	28
	Yarbus and Noton and Stark's ``Scanpaths''	29
	Posner's ``Spotlight''	30
	Treisman's ``Glue''	32
	Kosslyn's ``Window''	32
	Visual Attention and Eye Movements	33
	Summary and Further Reading	35
	Neurological Substrate of the HVS	36
	The Eye	39
	The Retina	39
	The Outer Layer	42
	The Inner Nuclear Layer	42
	The Ganglion Layer	43
	The Optic Tract and M/P Visual Channels	44
	The Occipital Cortex and Beyond	45
	Motion-Sensitive Single-Cell Physiology	46
	Summary and Further Reading	47
	Visual Psychophysics	49
	Spatial Vision	49
	Temporal Vision	53
	Perception of Motion in the Visual Periphery	55
	Sensitivity to Direction of Motion in the Visual Periphery	56
	Color Vision	56
	Implications for Attentional Design of Visual Displays	58
	Summary and Further Reading	59
	Taxonomy and Models of Eye Movements	60
	The Extraocular Muscles and the Oculomotor Plant	60
	Saccades	61
	Smooth Pursuits	64
	Fixations	65
	Nystagmus	66
	Implications for Eye Movement Analysis	66
	Summary and Further Reading	67
	Part II Eye Tracking Systems	68
	Eye Tracking Techniques	69
	Electro-OculoGraphy (EOG)	70
	Scleral Contact Lens/Search Coil	70
	Photo-OculoGraphy (POG) or Video-OculoGraphy (VOG)	71
	Video-Based Combined Pupil/Corneal Reflection	72
	Classifying Eye Trackers in ``Mocap'' Terminology	76
	Summary and Further Reading	77
	Head-Mounted System Hardware Installation	78
	Integration Issues and Requirements	78
	System Installation	81
	Lessons Learned from the Installation at Clemson	83
	Summary and Further Reading	84
	Head-Mounted System Software Development	86
	Mapping Eye Tracker Screen Coordinates	87
	Mapping Screen Coordinates to the 3D Viewing Frustum	87
	Mapping Screen Coordinates to the 2D Image	88
	Measuring Eye Tracker Screen Coordinate Extents	89
	Mapping Flock Of Birds Tracker Coordinates	91
	Obtaining the Transformed View Vector	92
	Obtaining the Transformed Up Vector	93
	Transforming an Arbitrary Vector	94
	3D Gaze Point Calculation	94
	Parametric Ray Representation of Gaze Direction	97
	Virtual Gaze Intersection Point Coordinates	98
	Ray/Plane Intersection	98
	Point-In-Polygon Problem	100
	Data Representation and Storage	101
	Summary and Further Reading	103
	Head-Mounted System Calibration	104
	Software Implementation	105
	Ancillary Calibration Procedures	108
	Internal 2D Calibration	109
	Internal 3D Calibration	112
	Summary and Further Reading	113
	Table-Mounted System Hardware Installation	117
	Integration Issues and Requirements	118
	System Installation	120
	Lessons Learned from the Installation at Clemson	121
	Summary and Further Reading	122
	Table-Mounted System Software Development	124
	Linux Tobii Client Application Program Interface	125
	Tet_Init	126
	Tet_Connect, Tet_Disconnect	126
	Tet_Start, Tet_Stop	127
	Tet_CalibClear, Tet_CalibLoadFromFile, Tet_CalibSaveToFile, Tet_CalibAddPoint, Tet_CalibRemovePoints, Tet_CalibGetResult, Tet_CalibCalculateAndSet	127
	Tet_SynchronizeTime, Tet_PerformSystemCheck	129
	Tet_GetSerialNumber, Tet_GetLastError, Tet_GetLastErrorAsText	130
	Tet_CallbackFunction	131
	A Simple OpenGL/GLUT GUI Example	131
	Caveats	136
	Summary and Further Reading	136
	Table-Mounted System Calibration	140
	Software Implementation	141
	Summary and Further Reading	149
	Eye Movement Analysis	151
	Signal Denoising	153
	Dwell-Time Fixation Detection	153
	Velocity-Based Saccade Detection	155
	Eye Movement Analysis in Three Dimensions	158
	Parameter Estimation	163
	Fixation Grouping	166
	Eye Movement Data Mirroring	167
	Summary and Further Reading	167
	Part III Eye Tracking Methodology	168
	Experimental Design	169
	Formulating a Hypothesis	169
	Forms of Inquiry	171
	Experiments Versus Observational Studies	171
	Laboratory Versus Field Research	172
	Idiographic Versus Nomothetic Research	172
	Sample Population Versus Single-Case Experiment Versus Case Study	173
	Within-Subjects Versus Between-Subjects	174
	Example Designs	175
	Measurement and Analysis	178
	Summary and Further Reading	181
	Suggested Empirica