| Cover | 1 |
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| Contents | 6 |
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| Preface | 8 |
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| Antidepressants: Past and Present | 10 |
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| Antidepressant Compounds: A Critical Review | 10 |
| Abstract | 10 |
| Traditional Paths for Development of Antidepressant Compounds | 11 |
| Current Antidepressant Drugs: Are They More Similar than Different? | 17 |
| Other Central Nervous System Drugs Exploited as Antidepressant Drugs or Augmentation Agents | 20 |
| Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neurogenesis in Antidepressant Action | 22 |
| Discussion | 23 |
| References | 24 |
| Basic and Clinical Aspects of Depression Research | 29 |
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| The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis inDepression | 29 |
| Abstract | 29 |
| Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (Corticotropin-Releasing Factor) in Depression | 32 |
| Vasopressin in Depression | 33 |
| Secretion of Adrenocorticotropin and Cortisol in Depression | 34 |
| Dexamethasone Suppression Test | 35 |
| Adrenocorticotropin Stimulation Test | 35 |
| Serotonergic Stimulation | 36 |
| Early-Life Stress and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis | 36 |
| Effects of Antidepressants on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis | 37 |
| Cortisol Synthesis Inhibitors in the Treatment of Depression | 37 |
| Conclusions | 38 |
| References | 38 |
| Dysfunctional Circadian Rhythms and Mood Disorders: Opportunities for Novel Therapeutic Approaches | 41 |
| Abstract | 41 |
| Circadian Rhythms | 42 |
| Circadian Rhythms and Major Depression | 43 |
| Circadian Rhythms and Bipolar Disorder | 46 |
| The Molecular Clock and Bipolar Disorder | 48 |
| Circadian Genes and Bipolar Disorder | 49 |
| Therapeutic Options Based on Circadian Manipulation | 53 |
| Conclusions | 55 |
| References | 56 |
| The Concept of Depression as a Dysfunction of the Immune System | 62 |
| Abstract | 62 |
| Interrelationship between Cytokines and Brain Function: Relevance to Depression? | 63 |
| The Effect of Inflammatory Changes on Mood | 65 |
| The Role of Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines | 66 |
| Serotonin, Stress and Depression | 68 |
| Stress, Depression and Neurodegeneration | 70 |
| Antidepressants and Immune Regulation | 72 |
| Could the Inflammation Hypothesis of Depression Contribute to the Development of Novel Antidepressants? | 74 |
| References | 77 |
| The Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Pathology and Treatment of Depression | 81 |
| Abstract | 81 |
| n–3 and n–6 Fatty Acids and Their Functions in the Brain and Immune System | 82 |
| Changes in n–3 and n–6 Fatty Acid Contents in Different Types of Depressed Patients | 83 |
| n–3 Fatty Acids in the Treatment of Depression: Evidence from Clinical Trials | 84 |
| The Pharmacological and Therapeutic Mechanism of n–3 Fatty Acids for Treating Depression | 90 |
| Limitations and Future Research Directions | 93 |
| References | 93 |
| Overcoming Antidepressant Treatment Resistance: Focus on Glutamate | 98 |
| Abstract | 98 |
| Evidence of Glutamatergic Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder | 99 |
| Ketamine as a Proof-of-Concept Glutamatergic Antidepressant | 100 |
| Conclusions and Future Directions | 105 |
| References | 107 |
| Neuroimaging and the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Depression: Recent Advances and Future Needs | 110 |
| Abstract | 110 |
| The Pathophysiology of Depression: Imaging Studies | 110 |
| Combining Neuroimaging and Genotyping in the Study of Depression | 119 |
| Neuroimaging and the Treatment of Depression | 122 |
| The Future of Neuroimaging in Benefiting Individuals with Depression | 128 |
| References | 128 |
| Experimental Models of Depression and the Mechanisms of Action of Antidepressants | 133 |
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| Animal Models of Depression – Where Are We Going? | 133 |
| Abstract | 133 |
| Traditional Animal Models of Depression | 134 |
| Endophenotype-Style Approaches | 137 |
| Depression and Comorbid Indications | 140 |
| Social Stress-Based Models | 141 |
| Genetic Predisposition | 141 |
| Incorporation of Human Findings | 143 |
| Conclusions and Outlook | 144 |
| References | 145 |
| Genetic Models of Depression and Antidepressant Response | 148 |
| Abstract | 148 |
| Rat Strains Showing Exaggerated Stress-Induced Behavioral Depression | 149 |
| Response to Antidepressant Drugs in Wistar-Kyoto Rats | 152 |
| Mouse Strains Showing Increased Depressive Behaviors | 153 |
| Measuring Antidepressant Responses in Different Mouse Strains | 155 |
| Murine Models of Deficient Monoamine Synthesis | 157 |
| Acknowledgements
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