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Milk and Milk Products in Human Nutrition 67th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop, Pediatric Program, Marrakech, March 2010.

:	R.A. Clemens, O. Hernell, K.F. Michaelsen
:	Milk and Milk Products in Human Nutrition 67th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop, Pediatric Program, Marrakech, March 2010.
:	Karger
:	9783805595872
:	1
:	CHF 53.90
:

:	Klinische Fächer
:	English

:	234
:	DRM
:	PC/MAC/eReader/Tablet
:	PDF/ePUB

Milk, the first and for a time only source of nutrition for mammals, influences early growth and development and may provide a foundation for health throughout the entire lifespan. It is therefore mandatory that milk substitutes have a composition which fulfills the same goals and confers as close as possible the overall health benefits of human milk. Moreover, in many populations, milk continues to play a major role in a healthy and balanced diet throughout life: During childhood, pregnancy and adulthood, intake of cow's milk has important beneficial effects on linear growth, bone development and the risk of developing caries, and it is important in the prevention and treatment of undernutrition in low-income countries.This publication contains the presentations and discussions of the Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop held in Marrakech in March 2010. It focuses on three main topics: milk during pregnancy and infancy, milk during childhood in low- and high-income countries, and general aspects of milk in adult nutrition. Together, these contributions cover most aspects of milk during the life cycle in a global perspective, making the publication a comprehensive textbook.

	Milk and Milk Products in Human Nutrition	2
	Contents	6
	Preface	8
	Foreword	9
	Contributors	12
	Milk during Pregnancy and Infancy	15
	Milk Intake, Calcium and Vitamin D inPregnancy and Lactation: Effects onMaternal, Fetal and Infant Bone inLow- and High-Income Countries	15
	Abstract	15
	Introduction	15
	Calcium as a Bone-Forming Mineral	16
	Calcium Requirements for Infancy, Pregnancy and Lactation	16
	Vitamin D Requirements for Infancy, Pregnancy and Lactation	17
	Dietary Sources and Intakes of Calcium	18
	Dietary Sources and Intakes of Vitamin D	19
	Animal Milk Consumption in Low- and High-Income Countries	20
	Implications of a Low Calcium Intake for Maternal and InfantBone Health	20
	Implications of a Low Vitamin D Supply for Maternal and InfantBone Health	22
	Animal Milk Intake in Pregnancy and Lactation	22
	Conclusions	22
	Acknowledgments	23
	References	23
	Discussion	25
	References	29
	Human Milk vs. Cow’s Milk and theEvolution of Infant Formulas	31
	Abstract	31
	Introduction	31
	Principal Differences between Human Milk and Cow’s Milk	32
	The History of Infant Formulas	33
	Recent Modifications of Infant Formulas	35
	References	38
	Discussion	39
	References	42
	Whole Cow’s Milk in Early Life	43
	Abstract	43
	Cow’s Milk in Infancy and Iron Deficiency	43
	Infant Formula instead of Whole Cow’s Milk	44
	Whole Cow’s Milk and the Consequences of the High ProteinConcentration	46
	Allergy and Cow’s Milk Protein	48
	Cow’s Milk and Less Evident Hypothesis on Diabetes Type 1 andAutism	48
	Conclusions	50
	References	50
	Discussion	51
	References	54
	Biological Effects of Novel BovineMilk Fractions	55
	Abstract	55
	Introduction	55
	-Lactalbumin	56
	Lactoferrin	58
	Osteopontin	60
	Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteins	61
	Conclusions	63
	References	63
	Discussion	65
	Reference	68
	Milk and Oral Health	69
	Abstract	69
	Oral Health in a Global Perspective	69
	Determinants for Dental Caries	70
	Potential Anticariogenic Effects of Milk	72
	Milk and Dental Health in Children	72
	Dairy Products and Oral Health in Adults	73
	Milk as a Carrier of Therapeutic Agents	75
	Conclusion	75
	References	76
	Discussion	77
	Reference	80
	Milk during Childhood in Low- and High-Income Countries	81
	Milk and Growth in Children: Effects ofWhey and Casein	81
	Abstract	81
	Milk and Growth	84
	Whey and Casein	85
	Body Composition	86
	Mechanism	86
	References	88
	Discussion	89
	References	92
	Milk and Linear Growth: Programming ofthe IGF-I Axis and Implication forHealth in Adulthood	93
	Abstract	93
	Introduction	93
	Childhood Stature and Health in Adulthood	95
	Breast Milk, Cows Milk and Stature	96
	Milk and Health in Adulthood	97
	Insulin-Like Growth Factors, Nutrition and Adult ChronicDisease Risk	99
	Nutritional Programming of IGF-I	101
	Implications	102
	Acknowledgements	104
	References	104
	Discussion	107
	References	110
	Cow’s Milk in Treatment of Moderateand Severe Undernutrition inLow-Income Countries	113
	Abstract	113
	Introduction	113
	Definition of Undernutrition	114
	Size of the Undernutrition Problem	114
	Why Is Milk So Effective?	115
	Protein	115
	Lactose	115
	Minerals	116
	Effects of Milk on Nutritional Status	116
	Cow’s Milk Products Used in Treatment of Undernutrition	117
	Products for Treating Undernutrition	118
	Potential Negative Effects of Using Cow’s Milk	118
	Recommendations on the Use of Milk in Treating Undernutrition	120
	References	120
	Discussion	122
	Reference	125
	Effects of Animal Source Foods, withEmphasis on Milk, in the Diet ofChildren in Low-Income Countries	127
	Abstract	127
	Introduction	127
	Observational Studies	128
	Intervention Trials	129
	Milk from Other Animals	137
	Unresolved Questions Concerning Cow’s Milk and Children’sHealth in Developing Countries	138
	Conclusions	138
	References	139
	Discussion	141
	Evidence for Acne-Promoting Effects ofMilk and Other Insulinotropic DairyProducts	145
	Abstract	145