| Cover | 1 |
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| Contents | 6 |
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| List of Contributors | 7 |
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| Preface | 8 |
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| Chapter 1: Physiology of Elite Young Male Athletes | 10 |
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| Abstract | 10 |
| Body Size, Shape and Composition | 11 |
| Muscle Strength | 14 |
| Exercise Metabolism | 16 |
| High Intensity Exercise | 18 |
| Aerobic Fitness | 21 |
| Fatigue and Recovery from Exercise | 25 |
| Selection into Sports | 26 |
| Conclusions | 27 |
| References | 29 |
| Chapter 2: Physiology of Elite Young Female Athletes | 32 |
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| Abstract | 32 |
| Growth and Maturation | 34 |
| Body Composition and Size | 36 |
| Acute Responses to Aerobic Exercise | 39 |
| Acute Responses to High- Intensity Exercise | 44 |
| Does Intensive Training Pose a Threat to the Development and Health of Young Girls? | 46 |
| Conclusions | 49 |
| References | 50 |
| Chaper 3: Nutrition and Elite Young Athletes | 56 |
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| Abstract | 56 |
| Energy Requirements | 56 |
| Exercise Metabolism in Children | 57 |
| Thermoregulation and Fluid Requirements | 62 |
| Nutrition Supplements | 63 |
| Weight Management and Dangers | 64 |
| Conclusions | 65 |
| References | 65 |
| Chapter 4: Endurance Training and Elite Young Athletes | 68 |
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| Abstract | 68 |
| Peak Oxygen Uptake | 69 |
| Oxygen Uptake Kinetics | 71 |
| Blood Lactate Accumulation | 73 |
| Peak VO2 and Endurance Training | 75 |
| Conclusions | 88 |
| References | 89 |
| Chaper 5: High- intensity and Resistance Training and Elite Young Athletes | 93 |
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| Abstract | 93 |
| Terminology | 94 |
| Effectiveness of Resistance Training | 94 |
| Effectiveness of High- intensity Exercise Training | 95 |
| Physiological Mechanisms for Strength Development | 96 |
| Reversibility of Strength Gains in Youth | 98 |
| Potential Effects on Growth and Maturation | 99 |
| Injury Risks | 100 |
| Youth Resistance Training Guidelines | 101 |
| Conclusions | 102 |
| References | 103 |
| Chaper 6: Overtraining and Elite Young Athletes | 106 |
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| Abstract | 106 |
| What Is Overtraining? | 107 |
| Overreaching and Overtraining | 107 |
| Overtraining Syndrome | 108 |
| Burnout | 108 |
| What Is the Incidence of the Overtraining Syndrome in Young Athletes? | 109 |
| What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Overtraining Syndrome in Young Athletes? | 109 |
| What Are the Risk Factors of Overtraining Syndrome in Young Athletes? | 110 |
| Is Training Load the Principal Cause of Overtraining in Young Athletes? | 110 |
| Single Identity | 110 |
| Conditional Love, Meeting Expectations and Misperceptions | 111 |
| Lack of Autonomy | 112 |
| Prevention and Recovery | 112 |
| Conclusions | 113 |
| References | 113 |
| Chaper 7: Exercise Testing Elite Young Athletes | 115 |
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| Abstract | 115 |
| Methodological Considerations | 116 |
| Aerobic Fitness | 117 |
| Maximal Intensity Exercise | 125 |
| Considerations and Recommendations | 129 |
| Conclusions | 131 |
| References | 131 |
| Chaper 8: Temperature Regulation and Elite Young Athletes | 135 |
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| Abstract | 135 |
| Environmental Conditions and Thermoregulatory Responses | 135 |
| Child- Adult Differences Affecting Thermoregulation | 137 |
| Children’s Heat Tolerance | 144 |
| Intervention and Prevention Strategies | 146 |
| Conclusions | 154 |
| References | 155 |
| Chaper 9: Environmental Factors Affecting Elite Young Athletes | 159 |
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| Abstract | 159 |
| Circadian Rhythms | 160 |
| Jet Lag | 163 |
| Air Pollution | 165 |
| Altitude | 169 |
| Conclusions | 176 |
| References | 177 |
| Chaper 10: Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Young Athletes: Controversies and Conundrums | 180 |
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| Abstract | 180 |
| Aetiology and Mechanisms | 181 |
| The ‘Athlete’s Heart’ and Sudden Cardiac Death | 185 |
| Diagnostic Considerations | 188 |
| Controversies in Pre- Participation Strategies | 189 |
| Conclusions | 193 |
| References | 193 |
| Chaper 11: Aetiology and Prevention of Injuries in Elite Young Athletes | 196 |
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| Abstract | 196 |
| Musculoskeletal System of the Young Athlete | 197 |
| Sports Injuries in Young Athletes | 197 |
| Strategies for Injury Prevention | 204 |
| Dropping Out of Sport Because of Injury | 206 |
| Conclusions | 206 |
| References | 207 |
| Author Index | 210 |
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| Subject Index | 211 |
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