| Progress in Neurological Surgery | 3 |
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| Contents | 6 |
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| Series Editor’s Note | 8 |
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| Preface | 10 |
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| Preface to the Third Edition | 11 |
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| Preface to the Second Edition | 12 |
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| History of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation | 13 |
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| Abstract | 13 |
| Invention of PNS | 14 |
| PNS Progress: Early Years | 16 |
| PNS Progress: Maturation Stage | 17 |
| PNS Progress: Percutaneous Era | 19 |
| Percutaneous Nerve Stimulation | 21 |
| PNS Progress: Recent Advancements | 21 |
| Conclusion | 22 |
| References | 23 |
| Central Mechanisms of Peripheral NerveStimulation in Headache Disorders | 28 |
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| Abstract | 28 |
| Gate Control Theory of Pain | 29 |
| References | 35 |
| Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for ChronicNeurogenic Pain | 39 |
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| Abstract | 39 |
| Mechanism of Action | 41 |
| Indications and Patient Selection | 42 |
| Surgical Insertion Technique | 43 |
| Trial of Stimulation | 47 |
| Permanent Implantation | 47 |
| Results | 47 |
| Authors’ Experience | 47 |
| Complications | 50 |
| Conclusion | 50 |
| References | 51 |
| Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation | 53 |
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| Abstract | 53 |
| Initial Surgical Electrode Placements | 54 |
| Peripheral Neurostimulation: Pertinent Anatomy and Physiology | 55 |
| Nerve Trunks | 56 |
| Fascicular Anatomy | 56 |
| Blood Supply of Peripheral Nerves | 56 |
| Percutaneous Surgical Techniques | 57 |
| Discussion and Conclusion | 63 |
| Illustrative Cases | 64 |
| References | 66 |
| Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for theTreatment of Truncal Pain | 70 |
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| Abstract | 70 |
| Mechanism of Action | 71 |
| Patient Selection | 72 |
| Failed Back Surgery Syndrome | 72 |
| Postherpetic Neuralgia | 74 |
| Inguinal Neuropraxia | 74 |
| Post- Thoracotomy Pain | 75 |
| PNfS Technical Considerations | 75 |
| PNfS Programming | 78 |
| References | 80 |
| Peripheral Subcutaneous Stimulation forIntractable Abdominal Pain | 82 |
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| Abstract | 82 |
| References | 87 |
| Subcutaneous Occipital Region Stimulationfor Intractable Headache Syndromes | 89 |
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| Abstract | 89 |
| History | 89 |
| Initial Observations | 90 |
| Early ONS Experience | 90 |
| Indications | 92 |
| ONS Trial | 93 |
| Techniques | 93 |
| Halo PNS | 94 |
| Outcomes | 94 |
| Complications | 96 |
| The Future | 96 |
| References | 97 |
| Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for OccipitalNeuralgia: Surgical Leads | 98 |
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| Abstract | 98 |
| Classification and Terminology | 99 |
| Mechanism of Action and History of PNS | 99 |
| Occipital Neuralgia | 101 |
| Indications and Technique for the Implantation of Paddle Leads | 102 |
| Clinical Outcomes and Peer- Reviewed Evidence | 105 |
| Complications | 105 |
| Conclusions | 106 |
| References | 106 |
| Occipital Nerve Stimulation: Technical andSurgical Aspects of Implantation | 108 |
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| Abstract | 108 |
| Surgical Technique | 109 |
| Stimulation Trial | 109 |
| Permanent Implant | 111 |
| Occipital Nerve Stimulation Programming: Patterns and Parameters | 114 |
| Complication Avoidance | 114 |
| Use of Occipital Stimulation for Occipital Neuralgia | 117 |
| Future Directions | 119 |
| References | 119 |
| Peripheral Neuromodulation for MigraineHeadache | 121 |
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| Abstract | 121 |
| Surgical Procedure | 122 |
| Mechanism of Action | 124 |
| Independent Clinical Trials | 124 |
| Industry-Sponsored Clinical Trials | 125 |
| The Northwestern Experience | 127 |
| Conclusion | 128 |
| References | 128 |
| Occipital Neuromodulation for RefractoryHeadache in the Chiari MalformationPopulation | 130 |
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| Abstract | 130 |
| Chiari Malformation: Etiology and Associated Symptomatology | 131 |
| Neurostimulation | 132 |
| Methods | 132 |
| Results | 133 |
| Complications | 135 |
| Discussion | 136 |
| Conclusion | 137 |
| References | 137 |
| Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in ChronicCluster Headache | 138 |
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| Abstract | 138 |
| Occipital Nerve Stimulation | 139 |
| Other Neurostimulation Methods | 142 |
| Conclusions | 143 |
| References | 143 |
| Periphera
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