| Cover | 1 |
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| Contents | 5 |
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| List of Contributors | 6 |
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| Preface | 9 |
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| Chapter 1: Macular Edema: Definition and Basic Concepts | 11 |
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| Abstract | 11 |
| Intracellular Edema | 11 |
| Extracellular Edema | 12 |
| Clinical Evaluation of Macular Edema | 13 |
| References | 19 |
| Chapter 2: General Pathophysiology | 20 |
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| Abstract | 20 |
| Normal Retinal Anatomy and Physiology | 20 |
| Related Ocular Disorders | 23 |
| Vascular Components | 28 |
| Inflammatory Components | 31 |
| Ischemia | 34 |
| References | 36 |
| Chapter 3: Diagnosis and Detection | 37 |
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| Abstract | 37 |
| Introduction | 37 |
| Considering Macular Edema Based on the Disease | 42 |
| References | 58 |
| Chapter 4: Macular Edema – Rationale for Therapy | 59 |
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| Abstract | 59 |
| Rationale for Medical Management | 60 |
| Rationale for Surgical Management of Macular Edema by Vitrectomy | 64 |
| References | 66 |
| Chapter 5: Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye | 69 |
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| Abstract | 69 |
| The Posterior Segment of the Eye and the Blood-Ocular Barrier | 69 |
| Strategies for Delivering Drugs to the Posterior Segment | 69 |
| Local Therapy | 70 |
| Intravitreal Injections | 74 |
| Conclusion | 81 |
| References | 81 |
| Chapter 6: Diabetic Macular Edema | 83 |
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| Abstract | 83 |
| Introduction and Definition | 83 |
| Epidemiology | 88 |
| Medical Care | 94 |
| Surgical Care | 102 |
| Follow-Up and Prognosis | 114 |
| Conclusion | 114 |
| References | 115 |
| Chapter 7: Retinal Vein Occlusions | 121 |
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| Abstract | 121 |
| Epidemiology | 122 |
| Clinical Course | 125 |
| Diagnosis: Imaging and Functional Testing,Stages and Classifications | 126 |
| Management | 131 |
| Conclusion | 138 |
| References | 139 |
| Chapter 8: Cystoid Macular Edema in Uveitis | 146 |
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| Abstract | 146 |
| Epidemiology | 146 |
| Pathophysiology | 147 |
| Diagnostics | 148 |
| Clinical Course and Management | 150 |
| References | 155 |
| Chapter 9: Postsurgical Cystoid Macular Edema | 158 |
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| Abstract | 158 |
| Definition and Epidemiology | 158 |
| Pathology and Pathophysiology | 159 |
| Risk Factors | 159 |
| Diagnosis | 160 |
| Stages | 162 |
| Classification | 162 |
| Differential Diagnosis | 162 |
| Management | 163 |
| Prevention | 167 |
| Key Messages | 167 |
| Best Sequential Management | 167 |
| References | 168 |
| Chapter 10: Retinitis Pigmentosa and Other Dystrophies | 170 |
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| Abstract | 170 |
| Factors of Visual Acuity Decrease and Retinitis Pigmentosa | 170 |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa and Macular Edema | 171 |
| Melanoma and Cancer-Associated Retinopathy | 175 |
| References | 176 |
| Chaper 11: Macular Edema of Choroidal Origin | 178 |
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| Abstract | 178 |
| Definition | 178 |
| Pathophysiology: Theories of Macular Edema in Age-Related Macular Degeneration | 178 |
| Clinical Findings | 181 |
| Treatment Approaches | 187 |
| Conclusion | 190 |
| References | 191 |
| Chapter 12: Miscellaneous | 193 |
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| Abstract | 193 |
| Radiation Therapy | 193 |
| Macular Edema Resulting from Systemic or Topical Treatment | 195 |
| Epiretinal Membrane and Traction Syndrome | 196 |
| Retinal Detachment | 201 |
| Tractional Myopic Vitreoschisis | 202 |
| Choroidal Hemangioma | 202 |
| Retinal Macroaneurysm | 204 |
| Conclusions | 206 |
| References | 206 |
| Author Index | 209 |
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| Subject Index | 210 |