| Cover | 1 |
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| Contents | 6 |
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| List of Contributors | 8 |
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| Preface | 10 |
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| Foreword | 11 |
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| Historical Perspectives | 16 |
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| Abstract | 16 |
| Antiquity and the Middle Ages | 17 |
| 17th Century and the Birth of Research | 19 |
| Calling Hippocratic Theories into Question | 20 |
| 18th Century: Yawning ‘Improves Brain Oxygenation’ | 21 |
| 19th Century: Yawning and Hysteria | 25 |
| End of the 19th Century: Is Yawning a Reflex? | 29 |
| 20th Century | 31 |
| References | 34 |
| Popular Knowledge and Beliefs | 37 |
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| Abstract | 37 |
| Arab Countries | 37 |
| India | 38 |
| Europe | 39 |
| Yawing in Medicine | 39 |
| References | 40 |
| Yawning throughout Life | 41 |
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| Abstract | 41 |
| Features and Frequency of Yawning | 42 |
| Time Course of Yawning | 43 |
| Yawning and Arousal Processes | 44 |
| Contagious Yawning | 44 |
| References | 45 |
| Fetal Yawning | 47 |
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| Abstract | 47 |
| What Is a Yawn? | 48 |
| Embryology and Mechanisms | 49 |
| Why Does Yawning Share a Link with Arousal? | 50 |
| Yawning or Not: A Pathology? | 52 |
| Diseases without Any Data Collected | 52 |
| Conclusion | 54 |
| References | 54 |
| Sleep, Sleepiness and Yawning | 57 |
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| Abstract | 57 |
| References | 60 |
| Interplay between Yawning and Vigilance: A Review of the Experimental Evidence | 62 |
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| Abstract | 62 |
| Measuring Vigilance | 63 |
| Experimental Yawn Induction | 64 |
| Yawning Occurs Preferentially during Drowsiness | 64 |
| Yawning Does Not Produce Arousal | 64 |
| Discussion | 66 |
| Acknowledgments | 67 |
| References | 67 |
| The Hidden Sexuality of the Yawn and the Future of Chasmology | 70 |
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| Abstract | 70 |
| Historical Trends and Currents | 71 |
| Chasmology as an Emergent Science | 73 |
| Predictions | 75 |
| Conclusions | 76 |
| References | 76 |
| Non-Human Primates: A Comparative Developmental Perspective on Yawning | 78 |
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| Abstract | 78 |
| Yawning as Communication | 78 |
| Voluntary Control of Yawning by Adult Male Macaques | 80 |
| Voluntary Yawning: Some Implications and Questions | 82 |
| Contagious Yawning | 83 |
| Contagious Yawning: Recent Developments and Controversies | 86 |
| Concluding Comments | 89 |
| References | 90 |
| Punishment-Induced Fear Modifies the Daily Course of Yawning in Rats | 92 |
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| Abstract | 92 |
| Material and Methods | 93 |
| Results | 94 |
| Discussion | 96 |
| Acknowledgments | 97 |
| References | 97 |
| A Thermoregulatory Behavior | 99 |
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| Abstract | 99 |
| ‘Brain Cooling Hypothesis’ | 100 |
| Empirical Support for the ‘Brain Cooling Hypothesis’ | 101 |
| Further Predictions and Support of the Brain Cooling Model | 102 |
| Conclusions | 103 |
| References | 104 |
| Neurophamacology of Yawning | 105 |
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| Abstract | 105 |
| Major Neurotransmitters Involved in the Induction of Yawning | 107 |
| Major Neurotransmitters Involved in the Modulation of Yawning | 115 |
| Conclusions | 116 |
| References | 117 |
| Yawn, Yawn, Yawn, Yawn | Yawn, Yawn, Yawn! The Social, Evolutionary and Neuroscientific Facets of Contagious Yawning |
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| Abstract | 122 |
| Relationship between Self-Awareness and Other Awareness | 122 |
| Contagious Yawning in the Self-Other Relationship | 125 |
| Evidence from Neuroimaging | 125 |
| Conclusions | 125 |
| References | 126 |
| Developmental and Comparative Perspectives of Contagious Yawning | 128 |
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| Abstract | 128 |
| Typical and Atypical Development of Contagious Yawning | 129 |
| Contagious Yawning in Non-Human Animals | 131 |
| Conclusions and Future Directions | 132 |
| Acknowledgments | 133 |
| References | 133 |
| Methodological Problems in the Study of Contagious Yawning | 135 |
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| Abstract | 135 |
| Problems in Experimental Design | 136 |
| Problems in Analysis | 139 |
| Conclusions | 141 |
| References | 141 |
| Exploring Yawning with Neuroimaging | 143 |
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| Abstract | 143 |
| Physiology of Yawning | 143 |
| Neuroimaging of Yawning | 144 |
| Summary | 147 |
| References | 148 |
| Associated Movements in Hemiplegic Limbsduring Yawning | 149 |
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| Abstract | 149 |
| Material and Methods | 150 |
| Results | 150 |
| Discussion | 152 |
| Acknowledgments | 153 |
| References | 153 |
| Associated Diseases | 155 |
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| Abstract | 155 |
| Anhedonia | 156 |
| Disappearance of Yawning | 156 |
| Excessive Yawning | 156 |
| Yawning Triggers a Disorder | 163 |
| Yawning Relieves a Disorder | 164 |
| Concluding Remarks | 165 |
| References | 165 |
| Author Index | 171 |
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| Subject Index | 172 |
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