| Cover | 1 |
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| Contents | 6 |
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| List of Contributors | 8 |
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| Preface | 12 |
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| Opportunities and Challenges in Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics and Health | 22 |
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| Why Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics? | 22 |
| Opportunities | 23 |
| Challenges | 25 |
| How to Deal with the Challenges | 27 |
| References | 27 |
| Genome-Wide Association Studies and Diet | 29 |
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| Monogenic Disorders and Complex Disease | 30 |
| Enabling Technologies in GWAS | 31 |
| GWAS: Why Are They Important? | 31 |
| Use of Gene Chips and GWAS Datasets in Personalized Health Predictions | 32 |
| Gene-Diet Interactions: Crohn’s Disease | 33 |
| Acknowledgments | 34 |
| References | 34 |
| Copy Number Variation, Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Neurological Disorders | 36 |
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| Ethyl-EPA | 36 |
| Huntington’s Disease | 37 |
| Myalgic Encephalomyelitis | 38 |
| Conclusions | 39 |
| References | 39 |
| Nutrigenetics: A Tool to Provide Personalized Nutritional Therapy to the Obese | 42 |
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| Observational Studies Evidencing Gene-Nutrient Interactions on Weight Gain | 43 |
| Intervention Studies Concerning Genetic Modification Effects on Weight Loss and Maintenance | 46 |
| Nutritional Studies Concerning Gene-Dependent Effects on Obesity-Related Manifestations | 49 |
| Conclusions | 51 |
| References | 51 |
| Xenobiotic Metabolizing Genes, Meat-Related Exposures, and Risk of Advanced Colorectal Adenoma | 55 |
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| Materials and Methods | 56 |
| Results | 57 |
| Discussion | 59 |
| Acknowledgments | 62 |
| References | 64 |
| Strategies to Improve Detection of Hypertension Genes | 67 |
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| Subject Selection | 68 |
| Selecting an Intervention | 69 |
| Study Time Windows | 69 |
| Tissue versus Central Phenotype Measurement | 70 |
| Intervention Studies | 72 |
| Improving Genome-Wide Association Results | 73 |
| Summary | 74 |
| Acknowledgments | 74 |
| References | 75 |
| Diet, Nutrition and Modulation of Genomic Expression in Fetal Origins of Adult Disease | 77 |
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| Epidemiology | 78 |
| Experiments of Nature | 79 |
| Cancer Risk and Early Life | 80 |
| Growth and Development | 81 |
| Size and Body Composition at Birth | 83 |
| Developmental Plasticity | 84 |
| Animal Models | 84 |
| Epigenetics and Cancer | 88 |
| Conclusion | 88 |
| References | 90 |
| Choline: Clinical Nutrigenetic/Nutrigenomic Approaches for Identification of Functions and Dietary Requirements | 94 |
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| Challenges for Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics | 94 |
| Other Considerations before Undertaking Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics | 96 |
| Prototype Experiment in Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics: Studies on Choline Deficiency | 96 |
| Choline Metabolism | 96 |
| Consequences of Dietary Choline Deficiency in Humans | 97 |
| Genetic Variation in Dietary Requirements for Choline | 99 |
| Choline and Neural Development | 99 |
| Choline Deficiency Alters Gene Expression via Epigenetic Mechanisms | 100 |
| Long-Lasting Consequences of Prenatal Choline Availability | 100 |
| Implications for Human Brain Development | 101 |
| Acknowledgments | 101 |
| References | 101 |
| Dietary Polyphenols, Deacetylases and Chromatin Remodeling in Inflammation | 105 |
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| Polyphenols: An Overview | 106 |
| Modulation of Inflammation by Polyphenols | 106 |
| Deacetylases and Inflammation | 108 |
| Modulation of Deacetylases by Dietary Polyphenols | 109 |
| Conclusions | 112 |
| Acknowledgments | 113 |
| References | 113 |
| Dietary Manipulation of Histone Structure and Function | 116 |
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| Use of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Cancer Prevention | 117 |
| Dietary Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases | 118 |
| Future Directions and Conclusions | 120 |
| Acknowledgments | 121 |
| References | 122 |
| Changes in Human Adipose Tissue Gene Expression during Diet-Induced Weight Loss | 124 |
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