| Cover | 1 |
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| Contents | 6 |
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| Preface | 9 |
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| Introduction | 10 |
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| References | 12 |
| Current Status | 13 |
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| Current Status of Blood Purification in Critical Care in Japan | 13 |
| Abstract | 13 |
| Methods | 14 |
| Results | 15 |
| Discussion | 16 |
| Acknowledgement | 18 |
| References | 18 |
| Terminology and Indication | 20 |
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| Terminology and Classification of Blood Purification in Critical Care in Japan | 20 |
| Abstract | 20 |
| Expressions of Blood Purification in Critical Care | 21 |
| Definitions of Continuous and Intermittent Therapies | 22 |
| Classification Based on the Purification Mode Using a Hemofilter | 23 |
| Classification of Blood Purification Based on the Blood Drawing and Returning Routes | 23 |
| Selection of CHD, CHF and CHDF Based on the Elimination Efficiency | 24 |
| Expressions Used when the Volume of Blood Purification Is Increased Intentionally above the Standard Level | 25 |
| Expressions Based on the Administration Route of Substitution Fluid | 26 |
| Terms used to Express Flow Rates | 26 |
| Classification and Expressions of Hemofilters | 27 |
| Conclusion | 28 |
| References | 28 |
| Indications for Blood Purification in Critical Care | 30 |
| Abstract | 30 |
| Blood Purification in Intensive Care Units | 30 |
| Indications for Blood Purification in ICU | 31 |
| Blood Purification for Hypercytokinemia and Sepsis | 33 |
| Future Perspectives | 35 |
| References | 37 |
| Acute Renal Failure | 40 |
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| Acute Kidney Injury of Non-Septic Origin Requiring Dialysis Therapy | 40 |
| Abstract | 40 |
| Pathogenesis of AKI in Cardiovascular Surgery | 40 |
| Predictive Factors for the Risk of Postoperative Dialysis | 41 |
| Intraoperative Events | 42 |
| Postoperative Events | 43 |
| Beginning Dialysis Therapy | 43 |
| Conclusion | 47 |
| References | 47 |
| Septic Acute Renal Failure | 49 |
| Abstract | 49 |
| Pathophysiology | 50 |
| Therapy | 51 |
| References | 53 |
| Non-renal Indication | 56 |
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| Non-Renal Indications for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Current Status in Japan | 56 |
| Abstract | 56 |
| Blood Purification Advances in Japan | 57 |
| PMMA-CHDF | 59 |
| Plasma Diafiltration | 59 |
| Online CHDF | 60 |
| Cytokine-Adsorbing Column | 60 |
| Future Perspectives | 60 |
| References | 61 |
| Continuous Hemodiafiltration Using a Polymethyl Methacrylate Membrane Hemofilter for SevereAcute Pancreatitis | 63 |
| Abstract | 63 |
| Evaluation of the Magnitude of Hypercytokinemia in Patients with SAP | 64 |
| Criteria for Initiation of and Weaning from PMMA-CHDF | 65 |
| Effects of PMMA-CHDF on Blood IL-6 Level, Clinical Parameters and Outcome | 68 |
| Effects of PMMA-CHDF on Abdominal Compartment Syndrome | 69 |
| PMMA-CHDF as a Means of Cytokine Modulation | 70 |
| Conclusion | 71 |
| References | 71 |
| Blood Purification in Fulminant Hepatic Failure | 73 |
| Abstract | 73 |
| Purpose of Blood Purification | 74 |
| Hemodialysis and Hemofiltration | 75 |
| Plasmapheresis | 76 |
| Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System | 77 |
| Bioartificial Liver Devices | 77 |
| Clinical Implementation of Blood Purification in Our Group | 77 |
| Conclusions | 80 |
| References | 80 |
| Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock by CHDF Using a PMMA Membrane Hemofilter as a Cytokine Modulator | 82 |
| Abstract | 82 |
| Procedures in PMMA-CHDF for the Treatment of Severe Sepsis/Septic Shock | 83 |
| Cytokine-Removing Effects of PMMA-CHDF | 84 |
| Therapeutic Effects of Early Implementation of PMMA-CHDF in Septic Shock | 84 |
| Immunomodulatory Effects of Cytokine Removal by PMMA-CHDF on Immunocompetent Cells | 87 |
| Enhancement of the Cytokine-Removing Capacity of PMMA-CHDF to Cope with Refractory Septic Shock | 89 |
| Conclusion | 89 |
| References | 90 |
| Efficacy of Continuous Hemodiafiltration with a Cytokine-Adsorbing Hemofilter in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome | 92 |
| Abstract | 92 |
| Materials and Methods | 93 |
| Results | 95 |
| Discussion | 98 |
| Conclusions | 100 |
| References | 100 |
| Blood Purification for Intoxication | 102 |
| Abstract | 102 |
| Indications for Blood Purification | 103 |
| Approach to Protein-Binding Substances | 105 |
| Case Presentation | 106 |
| Conclusion | 108 |
| References | 108 |
| Current Progresses in Methodology in Blood Purification in Critical Care | 109 |
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| Current Progress in Blood Purification Methods Used in Critical Care Medicine | 109 |
| Abstract | 109 |
| Application of Blood Purification in Critical Care | 110 |
| Characteristics of Blood-Purification Methods Used in Critical Care | 114 |
| References | 118 |
| Membrane Materials for Blood Purification in Critical Care | 121 |
| Abstract | 121 |
| Materials and Methods | 122 |
| Results and Discussion | 124 |
| Conclusions | 127 |
| References | 127 |
| Anticoagulation in Acute Blood Purification for Acute Renal Failure in Critical Care | 128 |
| Abstract | 128 |
| Indications for Acute Blood Purification in Critical Care Patients | 129 |
| Modalities in Acute Blood Purification for ARF and Their Anticoagulation | 129 |
| Anticoagulation in Acute Blood Purification for ARF | 131 |
| Unfractionated Heparin | 131 |
| LMW Heparin | 133 |
| Nafamostat Mesilate | 133 |
| References | 134 |
| Equipment and Monitoring in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy | 135 |
| Abstract | 135 |
| Selection of the Console System in CRRT | 135 |
| Composition and Monitoring of the CRRT Console | 136 |
| Management of CRRT Console System | 1
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