| Cover | 1 |
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| Contents | 6 |
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| Preface | 12 |
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| History and Epidemiology | 28 |
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| History and Classification of Anaphylaxis | 28 |
| Abstract | 28 |
| History | 29 |
| Pathophysiology of Anaphylaxis | 31 |
| Clinical Symptomatology | 33 |
| Management of Anaphylaxis | 36 |
| Allergens and Elicitors | 36 |
| References | 37 |
| Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis | 39 |
| Abstract | 39 |
| Sources of Information on the Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis | 39 |
| Limitations | 40 |
| Causes of Anaphylaxis | 40 |
| Food | 40 |
| Drugs | 42 |
| Insect Venom Anaphylaxis | 43 |
| Biphasic Anaphylactic Reaction | 44 |
| Age | 44 |
| Atopy | 45 |
| Geography | 45 |
| Gender | 45 |
| Socioeconomic Status | 46 |
| References | 46 |
| Mechanisms | 49 |
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| T-Cell Response to Allergens | 49 |
| Abstract | 49 |
| Allergen Recognition by the Immune System | 50 |
| Conclusion | 64 |
| Acknowledgements | 64 |
| References | 64 |
| Anaphylaxis: Mechanisms of Mast Cell Activation | 72 |
| Abstract | 72 |
| Use of Mouse Models to Study Anaphylaxis | 73 |
| IgE-Dependent Anaphylaxis: Fc?RI Signaling | 76 |
| Factors Modulating (or ‘Tuning’) Fc?RI-Dependent Mast Cell Functional Activation | 84 |
| Other Immune and Non-Immune Mechanisms of Anaphylaxis | 88 |
| Concluding Remarks | 89 |
| References | 90 |
| Kinins, Airway Obstruction, and Anaphylaxis | 94 |
| Abstract | 94 |
| Introduction | 95 |
| Proteins | 96 |
| Mechanisms of Bradykinin Formation (Contact Activation) | 97 |
| Cell Surface Assembly of the Plasma Kinin-Forming Cascade | 99 |
| Kinin Formation at the Surface of Endothelial Cells | 100 |
| Angioedema | 100 |
| C1 Inhibitor Deficiency | 101 |
| Acquired C1 Inhibitor Deficiency | 104 |
| Other Hereditary and Non-Hereditary Angioedemas | 106 |
| Kinins and Anaphylactic-Like Reactions | 106 |
| References | 107 |
| Role for Basophils in Systemic Anaphylaxis | 112 |
| Abstract | 112 |
| Biology of Basophils | 112 |
| Newly Identified Roles for Basophils | 114 |
| A Crucial Role for Basophils in Anaphylaxis | 116 |
| Perspective | 122 |
| References | 122 |
| Human Cardiac Mast Cells in Anaphylaxis | 125 |
| Abstract | 125 |
| Human Heart Mast Cells | 126 |
| Preformed Mediators Synthesized by HHMC | 126 |
| Lipid Mediators de novo Synthesized by HHMC | 128 |
| Cytokines Synthesized by HHMC | 128 |
| Immunologic and Non-Immunologic Stimuli that Activate HHMC in vitro | 129 |
| Role of HHMC in Systemic and Cardiac Anaphylaxis | 130 |
| Cardiovascular Effects of Histamine Infusion in Man | 130 |
| Effects of Activation of the H1 Receptor on Coronary Hemodynamics in Man | 131 |
| Hemodynamic Effects of Cysteinyl Leukotrienes in Man | 132 |
| Conclusions | 132 |
| Acknowledgements | 133 |
| References | 134 |
| Diagnosis and Clinical Symptomatology | 137 |
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| Mastocytosis | 137 |
| Abstract | 137 |
| Description | 138 |
| Pathogenesis | 138 |
| Clinical Features | 139 |
| Mastocytosis and Anaphylaxis | 143 |
| Diagnosis | 145 |
| Therapy | 146 |
| Acknowledgement | 149 |
| References | 150 |
| In vitro Diagnosis of Anaphylaxis | 152 |
| Abstract | 152 |
| Diagnosis of Anaphylactic Reaction | 153 |
| Drugs | 156 |
| Latex | 160 |
| Anisakis Allergy | 160 |
| Insect Venom Allergy | 160 |
| Foods | 161 |
| Diagnosis by Components. Microarrays to Determine Specific IgE | 163 |
| Acknowledgements | 164 |
| References | 164 |
| Allergens and Elicitors | 168 |
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| Insect Venoms | 168 |
| Abstract | 168 |
| Taxonomy and Biology of Responsible Insects | 168 |
| Allergens in Hymenoptera Venoms | 172 |
| Clinical Presentation of Anaphylaxis to Hymenoptera Venoms | 175 |
| Epidemiologic Aspects | 175 |
| Diagnosis | 176 |
| Prevention and Emergency Treatment | 178 |
| Immunotherapy | 178 |
| References | 181 |
| Classification and Pathophysiology of Radiocontrast Media Hypersensitivity | 184 |
| Abstract | 184 |
| Classification of Adverse Reactions to Radiographic Contrast Media | 185 |
| Clinical Pr
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