| Cover | 1 |
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| Contents | 6 |
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| Preface | 8 |
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| The Transcriptome and the Hypothalamo-Neurohypophyseal System | 9 |
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| Abstract | 9 |
| Osmoregulation | 10 |
| Detection of Hyperosmolality | 10 |
| The Hypothalamo-Neurohypopyseal System | 12 |
| Function-Related Plasticity | 12 |
| A Comprehensive Description of the HNS Transcriptome | 13 |
| The HNS Transcriptome Is Highly Strain Dependent | 15 |
| Conclusion | 16 |
| References | 17 |
| Role of Sleep and Sleep Loss in Hormonal Release and Metabolism | 19 |
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| Abstract | 19 |
| Hormones that Influence Glucose Regulation and Appetite Control Are Influencedby Sleep | 19 |
| Obesity and Sleep Loss: Epidemiologic Evidence | 22 |
| Obesity, Diabetes and Sleep Loss: Evidence from Laboratory Studies | 25 |
| Conclusions | 28 |
| Acknowledgements | 28 |
| References | 28 |
| Sexual Hormones and the Brain: An Essential Alliance for Sexual Identity and Sexual Orientation | 30 |
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| Abstract | 30 |
| Sex Differences in Cognition and Aggression: Little Effect of the Social Environment | 30 |
| Organizational and Activational Effects of Sex Hormones | 31 |
| Programmed Gender Identity Is Irreversible | 33 |
| Neurobiological Factors of Sexual Differentiation of the Brain | 33 |
| Sex Differences in the Human Brain | 34 |
| Transsexuality | 36 |
| Transsexuality and the Brain | 36 |
| Sexual Orientation | 38 |
| Sexual Orientation and the Brain | 39 |
| Conclusions | 40 |
| Acknowledgements | 41 |
| References | 41 |
| Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonists: An Update | 44 |
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| Abstract | 44 |
| The ‘CRH Family’ | 44 |
| CRH Receptor Antagonists | 46 |
| Clinical Implications of CRHR Antagonists | 47 |
| References | 50 |
| New Concepts on the Control of the Onset of Puberty | 52 |
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| Abstract | 52 |
| General Aspects | 52 |
| ‘Upstream’ Genes and the Transcriptional Control of Puberty | 53 |
| Epigenetics and Puberty | 56 |
| Concluding Remarks | 57 |
| References | 57 |
| Roles of Kisspeptins in the Control of Hypothalamic-Gonadotropic Function: Focuson Sexual Differentiation and Puberty Onset | 60 |
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| Abstract | 60 |
| Brain Sexual Differentiation and Puberty Onset | 61 |
| Sexual Differentiation of Kiss1 Neurons: Functional Implications | 62 |
| Kiss1 System and the Timing of Puberty: Mechanisms and Physiological Relevance | 63 |
| Kiss1 System as Transmitter for the Metabolic Regulation of Puberty and Fertility | 65 |
| Future Directions and Conclusions | 67 |
| Acknowledgments | 68 |
| References | 68 |
| Role of the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Axis in Neurogenesis | 71 |
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| Abstract | 71 |
| Neurogenesis, Neuroprotection and Plasticity | 73 |
| The Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 System in the Brain | 74 |
| Age-Related Effects of Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 onNeurogenesis | 75 |
| Endogenous and Local Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 versusTherapy | 77 |
| Brain Region-Specific Effects | 78 |
| Treatment of Disease and Neurogenesis | 78 |
| Experimental Validity for Human Clinical Use | 79 |
| Conclusion | 80 |
| References | 80 |
| Sex Steroids, Growth Hormone, Leptin and the Pubertal Growth Spurt | 85 |
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| Abstract | 85 |
| The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis | 86 |
| GH/IGF-1 Axis | 87 |
| Leptin and Central Peptide Hormones | 87 |
| Linear Growth and Adolescent Development | 90 |
| Body Composition and Adolescent Development | 91 |
| References | 92 |
| Endocrine and Metabolic Actions of Ghrelin | 94 |
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| Abstract | 94 |
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