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< >This study seeks to clarify the principle of talionic justice beginning with its first historical manifestations in the legal systems of the Ancient Near East. It attempts to show that talionic justice was not simply a theory of punishment, but also existed as a restorative justice model. The argument for this interpretation of the talionic formula rests on analysis of the salient Biblical verses in the light of the cuneiform models and also utilizes more recent evidence from the Mediterranean region dating from the first centuries of the Christian era. Talionic justice emerges as a complete and constructive principle of justice from the time of its inception, one that cannot be reduced solely to its punitive elements. < >Jan Rothkamm , Paris, France.
Table des matières 6 Abréviations 8 Introduction 12 I. « Tête pour tête » 26 1.1 Code de Lipit-Ištar § 12sq. 27 1.2 Code de Hammourabi § 231, 219, 245, 263 29 1.3 Lois d'Ešnunna § 23, 49, 35 36 1.4 Lois hittites § 172, 200b, 1-4 41 II. « Vie pour vie » 48 2.1 Code d'Ur-Nammu § 23sq. 49 2.2 Code de Hammourabi § 209-214 52 2.3 Lois médio-assyriennes § 21, 50-52 56 2.4 Exode 21 22sq. 64 III. « Œil pour œil » 70 3.1 Lois d'Ešnunna § 42-45 71 3.2 Code de Hammourabi § 196-205 74 3.3 Lois hittites § 7sq., 11-16 79 3.4 Exode 21 24-27 83 IV. Le talion dans la Méditerranée au premier millénaire 88 4.1 Démosthène, orat. 24, § 140sq. 89 4.2 Lévitique 24 17-21 92 4.3 Douze Tables I, § 13-15 94 4.4 Magna Moralia, chap. 33, § 13sq. 99 4.5 Matthieu 5 38sq. 102 4.6 Stèle votive, dédiée à Saturne 105 Conclusion 108 Notes philologiques 114 Bibliographie 146 Index locorum 156 Planches 162